The external nose of mammals is formed by an extension outward of the nasal bones. ported and strengthened by a cartilaginous growth of the ethmoid. The size and appearance of the 111),:e depends chiefly upon its function. for it is often elongated for some purpose.
See Pitonoscus :MONKEY.
(named in honor of K. \\-. Nose. a iferman chemist ), or Nostt.tN. A mineral made up of the sulphates and silicates of sodium and aluminum. it crystallizes in the isometric systcm, is translucent. and has a gray. blue. brown color. It in certain igneous rocks such as plionolitc and nepheline It is found chiefly in Germany, and on the Canary and Cape Islands.
(front Ilk. v6cros, noses, disease -Noy/a, -login, account. front 2.6eiv, /cycin, to say). The branch of medical science which treats of the classification and nomenclature of diseases. The old idea was that diseases could be divided into classes, orders, genera. and species. Alany systems have been proposed, used, and abandoned. of these based upon theories (4 causation. others upon the toms manifested, the part or system of the body affected. or the pathologieal effects observed.
For statistical purposes the system devised by 1)r. \Villiatn Farr, a nicolienl statis tician of London. has been more recently used in treat Britain and America, its most complete development being the nomenclature of diseases issued by the 'Royal College of Physicians and in I. t lie latest revision tieing in 1 ..1!) I.
This system divide- all diseases into two great clas-cs. namely. general and local diseases. The first class all those maladies which ?ITeet the whole body. or which may affect several parts at one time. and is divided into four groups.
The lirst group ineludes dim to morbid poisons or specific infections. -11(.11 as scarlet feu cr. measles, etc. The second group embraces di-eases which are dependent upon external other than the speeille infeetions. as
parasites. ira I poisons. climate, etc. The third group includes the developmental 1 as laa I fOralat Old age. Thi fourth group 1.1111,rapv, a ntiniher of tin elassilied a ffeet ions, as rheumatism. gout. leprosy, cretini-an, rte. The second great class. of diseases, includes those peculiar to the of the hotly, sueli the nervous system, the eireillatory system. etc.
It is evident that no single scheme of tion will answer every purpose. It is equally obvious that every system mus.t he subject to constant modification by the advances in medical knowledge. This notably true of the recent discoveries in bacteriology. Among writers of the present day the tendency is toward a very simple classification, and the following ment of diseases may lie accepted as the one which. with modifications, is in general use ( 1 ) Specific in diseases, represented by the exanthematti, syphilis, tuberculosis, and malaria.
(2) 1'0ns/it/UM/Ha diseases, for example, gout, rheumatism. and diabetes, (3) Diseases if the digestive sysh in, e.g. gas tritis. jaundice, and enteritis.
(4) Discuses of the respiratory system, as nasal catarrh, laryngitis, bronchitis, and monia.
(3) Diseases of the circulatory system, as endocardit is. aneurism. and arterio sclerosis.
(11) Dim uses of the blood and ductless glands, as amemia, lcucoeyth:emin, disease, and goitre.
(7) Diseases of the kidneys, as ease. uramia, and pyelitis.
(Si Discuses of the Trons syshm (incInding the brain, spinal cord. and nerves), as lepsy, chorea, myelitis, and sciatica.
(9) Diseases of the muschs, the muscular atrophies and distrophies.
The intoxications: alcoholism, the drug haluits, lead and arsenie poisoning.
( ) Diseases jar to onimul ranuitcs: tape worm, trichiniasis, and peiliculosis.
T. these must be added the diseases peculiar to speeia I organs, the eye, ear, skin, and generative organs.