The naval school of the British navy is located at Dartmouth on hoard the old line-of-battle ships Britannia and Hindostan. though academic build ings on shore were commenced in 1901 The course is two years and includes instruction in seamanship. navigation, mathematics, and tech nical subjects. On completing the Beilaania (muse the cadets or midshipmen are appointed to sea going ships carrying a naval instructor at ho, in conjunction with an otlieer of the line and au engineer, supervises their instruction. After passing the necessary examinations and complet ing the required amount (about Live years, including time spent on the Britannia) of sea service the midshipmen undergo an oral examina tion in seamanship carried out by three captains. Upon passing this they undergo a college exam ination at ECCIIWICh. receiving cert iticates of the first, ?Cc011d, or third class. according to qualifications. This certificate materially affects promotion to lieutenant. After leaving the col lege the acting sublieutenants go through courses in pilotage, gunnery, and torpedo instruction. The men of the Royal Naval Reserve are drilled on board widely distributed ships for the greater convenienee of the merchant sailors who form the principal part of the reserve. The training of firemen, machinists, etc., is carried out on vessels attached to the different dockyards.
The I ((than naval academy is located at Leg horn (Livorno), The instruction is in two parts: (a) the normal course, and (b) the superior course. The limits of age at admission are thirteen and fifteen years. The normal course is live years in length, the theoretical instruction continuing during eight months of each year and the practical work 011 board the practice ships about three months. At the end of the course, having passed all examinations, the cadets are appointed midshipmen. They then are sent aboard cruising vessels for at least a year, after which they are commissioned as sublieutenants and are sent to the academy for the superior COUPS(' Of instruction, which comprises two ses sions. The first session is obligatory for all sub• lieutenants, and the examination which take, place at the end fixes the rank of the officers in their grade anti affects greatly the question of their tolvancement by selection (one-third are promottml to lieutenants by selection and two thirds by seniority). To the second session only those are admitted who have attained a certain standard in i..xa inat ions. and these more fortunate young men receive a diploma which has an important infinenet• upon their naval career and their eventual promotion. The naval enli st rumors. west meting engineers, and commissary officers are also graduates of the naval academy. The schools for the enlisted men are five in num ber. There are also training ships for seamen.
fflicers are supplied to the ./apanege fleet in loar ways: first, from the naval academy at Karr: second, by cadets sent to foreign naval schools: third, by promotion from the ranks rare) : fourth. by appointment from the marine school for masters at Tokio,. There are also tort.edo. Cl1;...incering. and gunnery schools, si.veral training ships for seamen and bov,.
The naval ,chisel for the Dutch navy is located at Willemsoord. The :we at entrance is fourteen to seventeen years 1111e1 the eourse is four years. At thy end of the emirs° of flair years the eadets pass examinations and are appointed as cadets of the first class. Nfter two years' serviee in ships of I he navy they a re a Ilain examined. and. if found commissioned as second lieutenants. The school for naval engineers is at Ilellevnets lnis. There are also gunnery and torpedo schools and school-ships for training seamen and boys.
The ortreyiaa naval school furnishes not only the officers of the regular service, but also those of the reserve. Candidate, for admission to the school must not be over nineteen years of age and must have served for twenty-one months in the merchant marine. The course at the school is in two parts, inferior and superior. 'The in
ferior course is three years long and at the end the cadets become ensigns. Those ensigns who are not destined to form part of the regular navy are, after two years of ordinary service, made lieutenants of the reserve. The superior course has two terms of eight months t.aeli. After eigh teen months of additional service the graduates of the superior school are promoted to the rank of lieutenant. There arc also gunnery and tor pedo schools and training ships for the enlisted force.
The naval school tif Port1(1o/ is a polyteehnie institution. The course for executive officers con sists of three months on a training vessel, one year at the naval school, three months on the training vessel again, and lastly, another year at the school. The graduates are then appointed midshipmen, and after two yi.ars, of service are commissioned as ensigns. Thene are gunnery and torpedo schools for both officers and men and training-school ships for boys, The principal souree of supply of for the Russian navy is the naval academy at Saint The candidates for entry must be between fourteen and eighteen years of age. The course is four years. At the conclusion I If the course the cadets become midshipmen. There is also at the academy a post-graduate course for instruction of officers in strategy, tactics, inter national law, etc. The other source of supply of strivers is the school of navigation and nr(Inanee at 1:ronstadt. The course is four years and the in struetion similar to that given at the naval aeatlemy. There are also training schools for the enlisted men with several training The executive offieers in the Nininish navy are graduates of the royal naval school. The age of candidates at entranee is from thirteen to eighteen years. course is three years, after which the cadets become midshipmen, and then serve one year on board a ship detailed as the school of application. one year on board the sailing vessel Vauti/uss anti one year on vessels in service. After a final examination they are eommissioned as sublieutenants. There are also floating gunnery and torp4.do schools and ves for the training of seamen and of boys, The executive officers of the active list of the Siert/is/I navy are graduates of the naval acad emy at Stockholm. The limits of age of candi dates it entrance are thirteen and sixteen years, The course at the naval :leadenly is six years (eight mouths in each year it the school and four months on a practice ship). Upon gradu ation the eadets are made sublieutenants. They arc then sent for six months as instruetors in a school (E.r, reisskolan I, where the enlisted men receive their naval instriletion. This is followed by six months' service of various kinds, inelinling some time spent at. the ittleliyard. They then spend terms with the mobile defense of the coast and the gunnery school. and after eight or nine montle4 in cruising .hips they are umuissirmeil as P11411.11q. There are also schools of the mobile defense, and a school for enlisted men c•isskolan) already mentioned, and a gunnery school.
In the Turkish navy the course of instruction is supposed to last ten years; four years at the primary school of Kassimpasha, four years in the preparatory school on the island of Balki, and two years at the naval school proper, also on the island of Halki. From the naval school the cadets graduate with the rank of Ihmtenant ( m idazita ).
Consult: the Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute (Annapolis) ; Journal of the Royal United ?Scrvice Institution (particularly the number for October, 1901) (London) ; Bras sey's Karul Annual (Portsmouth, 1886 et seq.) ; Annual Reports of the Office of Naval Intelli gence (particularly the volume for 1888) (Wash ington) ; Soley, Foreign Systems of Naval Edu cation (United States Navy Department, Wash ington. 1880) Midland, Marines etrangires (Pa ris, 1891). See NAVAL. ACADEMY; CADET, NAVAL : NAVIES; and section on Naval Appren tice under APPRENTICE.