RECENT DEVELOPMENT. Of the more recent development of municipal arehitecture. Paris. Vienna, and Budapest stand out as the most conspicuous examples; hut Berlin. Munich, and other German cities, Rome and Naples, and in less degree many other cities in Europe have undergone a process of arehiteetural remodeling. The great operations undertaken by Napoleon III. in Paris under Haussinann's direc tion included not only the reform of the city's street-plan, but also the erection of many public buildings. This work, interrupted by the fall of the Empire, was resumed under the Republic, and has been steadily prosecuted ever since, at the joint expense of the city and State. The new Opera llonse, the reconstructed l'alais de Justice, the Tribunal de Cm llllllllllll the completed and remodeled Louvre, the Saint-Alichel Fountain, and since the war of lt470-7 1 the new 11611(d-de Ville, Sorbonne (university P. and licole de :\16ile eine, the demolition of the ruined Tuileries and creation of new gardens on its site, the two new art palaces. and the .\lexander 111. and other bridges. are the monuments of this remarkable 8(.6% ity. so the new Iteichstagsgebande ( Parlia ment-hum-a.). the 'Alusenin. the yttrium, columns of mthluntents_ including the recently built Sieges-Allee. at Berlin; the squares and modern pithlie buildings of :gulden, the new \N II hall at Hamburg, indicate the tendencies of ta,to ill Ilillnioipa1 and lishments; while in Austria-Hungary the mar velous rebuilding of the central portion of Vienna and the more recent architectural enterprises in Ifudapest are equaled only by the trans fOrlilation of Paris wider \ilpideoll I I 1. While
t lie arebiteetural treatment of the Viennese public buildings (Ow Cothic Town hall, the classic Parliament-house, the Itenaissance Uni versity, museums. art institute, the lloftheater, etc., leaves something to be desired, the general elfect is highly impressive by its stateliness and grandeur of disposition along a single splendid street. the ltingstras-e. In tireat Britain nearly every important city has in recent years either rebuilt portions of its e overcrowded districts on improved plans, or erected new town .halls, exeliatiges, baths, schools, and museums; and the English a rellinsas have developed in these public works an architectural style of con siderable interest and character, quite dilTerent from the modified l'reneh Itenaissanee style has more generally prevailed elsewhere. ltaly, backward in ninny respects in this tit-hl of architecture. has not only remodeled some of the worst-crowded districts of Naples and Rome. but has idobellislied many id her cities with public blinding.; in modern style, estab lished new parks and public gardens. and in some case. 111e111111111,11ed fro:ade, of ancient buildings—notably that of the Cathedral of Flor ence The embanking of the Tiber ( 1579-P10ot iii Rome, the construction of new the Imildino of 'arcade,' or glass-roofed streets of monumental design. flanked by attrac tive Naples, eta.), and the erection of railway It rmini sometimes of consid erable splendor, are further evi dences of municipal activity.