SPAIN. The navy of Spain received a serious setback in the Spanish-American War, losing about half the fleet. During 1901 the navy was reorganized, and soon after it was proposed to construct a new and powerful fleet of 8 battle ships of 12,000 tons, 4 cruisers of 8000 tons, and a limited number of smaller cruisers and torpedo vessels. All the old vessels not actually needed have been or are to he sold, the arsenals and naval establishments are being reorganized, and other improvements are contemplated. It is hoped by these means so to reduce the unnecessary ex penses that a fine fleet can gradually be built and maintained without adding greatly to the ex penses of the Government. Thu navy is pre sided over by a Minister of Marine• formerly a naval officer, but the incumbent in 1902 was a civil official. lle is assisted by a council of 9 persons, of whom 5 are ollicers of the navy. 1 is a Senator, 1 a Deputy of the Cortes, 1 an inspee tor-general of engineers, and 1 a field marshal of artillery. The central administration consists of: (I) Section of Personnel: (2) Section of Equipment; (3) Section of Navigation and Mari time Industries: (4) Section of Naval Construc tion: (5) Section of Naval Ordnance; (6) Sec tion of Accounts: (7) Section of Administrative Affairs. The reorganization of the navy in progress in 1902 may effect considerable changes in these arrangements. The principal dockyards arc located at Ferrol, Cadiz(La Carraca), Trubia (army gun-factory where naval guns are made), Bilbao, and Cartagena. There are, in addition, several naval stations and supply depots. The naval school is located on the old wooden frigate Asturias. All executive officers arc required to pass through the school; the course is three years, after which the cadets serve as midship men for further instruction. The tleet in 1902 consisted of 1 battleship of 9900 tons (launched 1887—partly rebuilt 1897-98 and 1900-01), 2 old battleships of 7000 tons (launched 1803-65— rebuilt as armored cruisers 1897-98), 1 armored cruiser of 9000 tons (launched 1895), 3 armored cruisers of 7000 tons (launched 1896-1900), 1 protected cruiser of 5372 tons (building in 1002), 2 protected cruisers of 500(1 tons (launched 1891 92), 2 protected cruisers of 1875 and 2030 tons (launched 1898-1900), 1 small protected cruiser of 1040 tons (launched 1890), 2 cruisers of 3090 and 3342 tons (launched 1879-87), 3 cruisers of 1152 tons (launched 1885-88), 10 torpedo gun boats of 570 to 830 tons (launched 1889-97), I torpedo-boat destroyer of 386 tons (launched 1886), 4 torpedo-boat destroyers of 370 to 400 tons (launched 1896-97), 1 armed yacht of 1800 tons (purchased 189S), 7 training ships of 800 to 4000 tons, 1 transport of 2000 tons, 42 gun boats of 37 to 525 tons (launched 1877-95), 16 torpedo boats of 65 to 108 tons (launched 1885 ]901).
The navy of Sweden has been very much increased during the last fifteen years, and now possesses many effective coast-defense ships. The navy is presided over by a Minister of Ma rine with headquarters at Stockholm; the Min ister is either a naval officer or civilian. The department comprises four bureaus• viz.: (a) The Cabinet of the Minister; (b) The Bureau of Personnel; (c) The Naval Staff; (d) The Bu reau of Material. The school for executive of ficers (there are no marine engineer officers in the navy) is located at Stockholm; the full course is six years.
There are two naval arsenals, one at Stock holm and one at Karlskrona. The fleet consists of 4 small battleships of 3050 tons (building in 1902), 7 small battleships of 3100 to 3450 tons (launched 1886-081, 4 single-turret monitors of 1500 to' 1580 tons (launched 1805-75—recon structed 1898-1902), 9 very small single-turret monitors of 240 to 460 tons (launched 1809-70— nearly all recently rebuilt), 3 cruisers of 15:10 to 2000 tons (launched 1870-86). 7 torpedo gun boats of 670 tons ( launched 1800-99), 15 gun boats of 190 to 640 tons (launched 1801-84), 12 miscellaneous vessels, 12 vessels of 170 to 2858 tons, used as school-ships, training ships., and floating barracks, 1 torpedo-boat destroyer of 320 tons (building in 1902), 5 torpedo boats of 44 to 85 tons (building), 15 torpedo boats of 60 to S5 tons (launched 1884-19(10). and 13 second class boats of 34 to 44 tons (launched 1882, 1002),