THE SPANISH PEN! NSI'LA. Though there were earlier sheets published at irregular intervals, the first Spanish newspaper seems to date only from the eighteenth century. Even for some time after 1800 :\ladrid had only its Mario. Indeed, the press in Spain had a hard career till the Revolution of 1554. Dailies in all the chief cities are now numerous. Iladrid has about twenty, among which are the fozporefa/ and the Corm spondenein de Espana. Among the :Madrid illus trated weeklies are the Correspondencia Was /mita and the MustrociOn Espanola y .t tacrienno. From the American standpoint. the news in Spanish papers is meagre. This is also true of the numerous dailies of Lisbon.
The earliest newspapers of Russia were issued under. the direetion of Peter the Great, first. at los:cow and then at Saint Peters burg, to report the progress of the Avg'. with Sweden. The first gazette. the Vedamosti, ap peared in ..Nloscow in 1702. The issue of 1703,
preserved in the Imperial Library at Saint Pet ersburg. was reprint ed in 1855. Political journalism. however. has never been permitted in Russia except in defense of the Government policy. The flourishing period of the press has been at the time of national crises, as the French invasion of 1812. the Polish insurrection of 1830, and the Crimean War. The official organ is the Journal de Saint 1'f:fro:hoary. The Noroe Vre mya (New Times), the Norosti (a news and stock gazette), and the Scrernaya (Northern Bee) circulate widely from Saint Petersburg. The oldest :Moscow daily is the Moskrskia l'cilo mosti Ploscow News), dating from 1766. Rus sian papers, necessarily occupying themselves mainly with scientific and literary subjects, make inueli of the feuilleton, The weekly Nira (1-tar•estfield) issues two large monthly supple ments.