VEI:SITY one The educational system is scarcely surpassed either for comprehensiveness or excellence. The on the right bank is an institution founded by II. for advanced civil service instruction. It is surround ed by attractive pleasure grounds ing along the river shore. The important Poly technic Sehool is in a tine modern edifice. Near by is an art industrial school. There are also in the city a military academy and a military school. an :leadenly of seience with noteworthy eolleetions, and numerous organizations for the deveb?pment of all t he chief branches of and its application. Of the many valuable li braries. the Royal Library is by far the most important. Its spacious Florentine building was constructed after 1S:12, and possesses a cent staircase. The library is one of the largest in the world. It emitains some 1.350.000 vol umes, and over 30.000 mannseripts. It is espe cially rich in German documents and scholastic literature, possessing smile of the rarest of liter ary editions and other specimens. including a translation of Boccaccio, a emlex nitwits lin gold letters and dating before and Four Books of Gospels. In this library. also, are the archives of Bavaria—a collection of 500.000 documents. The oily has a botanic garden. and a crystal palace, where expositions are held.
Industrially, _Munich is important and prosper ous. Its iron, bronze, and bell foundries, its litho graph and engraving establishments, its optieal and mechanical instrument factories are brated, as are its enormous breweries (some 45 in number). m hieh have made the city famous for excellent hoer. The large, palatial IlofbriiiihRuser are a feature of the social life. The other eInnpri,:e cotton., wool. and damask goods, wax-eloth, leather. paper-hangings, carriages. pianos. gold and siltIr articles. chinery. steel wares. etc. In its manufacturing and commercial interests the city has made great strides in very 'went times. Beer is the chief export. Al.., grain, hops. coal. wool, furniture, cai and art goods figure in the shipments. Alunieh has a network of canals for tralrm—over BM miles in length. Numerous important in dustrial and commercial unions and assoeiations are established here.
Alunieh is the seat of all tile important Gov eminent institutions of Bavaria. It is aduuinis
tc•red by two burgomasters, about forty magis trates, and some seventy councilmen. The an nual budget balances at approximately N4,500, 000. The municipal debt is about 4:25,000,000, offset by nearly twice that amount invested in public property—mostly in buildings and grounds. Over a. third of the taxes go to the service and reduction of the debt. The charitable institutions are excellent.
The popular festivals and 'Dolts' (fairs) are a feature of Munich. They are all elaborate and interest Mg—for instance. the annual carnival, the Magdalen Festival in duty, and the lletober Festival. The last is a kind of agricultural fair ywbicp attracts the picturesque country popula tion. The environs are of no little interest. Their• most unique attraction is the fatuous Bavaria, an immense bronze statue rising on a low elevation west of the city. It is a hollow fenntle figure 02 feet high. and cast from the bronze of foreign cannon, according to designs by Schwant baler. It was uncovered in 18.50. From its head there is a. good view of the city. The adjacent Dail of Fame is a Greek colmmade dating from 1858. It holds about 100 huts of famous Bavarians, including Jean Paul and schellmg. The Nymph enburg, is a royal chateau near the city. Its grounds are very attractive. The cemeteries of Munich are said to contain the most artistic tombs in the Empire. The population of the city has more than doubled in the last few decades. In 1871 it numbered 169.1193; in 1900. 499,959, nearly all Catholics. The death rate fell from 30.4 to 24.1 in a thousand from 1871 to 189S.
IlisTonv. The history of Munieh may be said to (late from the time of Henry the Lion, in the twelfth century. It grew rapidly under the House of Wittelsbach. The city was fortified in 1254, Otho the illustrious having established his residence here. in the first half of the four teenth century the library was founded. About the middle of the sixteenth century the art col leetions were begun. _Munich became a royal residence in 1500. From the reign of Louis 1. dates the city's present magnificence.
Consult : Kahn. .1liinr•hcW.5 Grossindustrie and Grosshandel (iL. 1891) ; Aulleger and Trantmann, .111-i1iinrhen in hill and Wort (ib.. 1595) ; and the Jahrbuch zur ylfiiorhener Geschichte (ib., 1557 et seq.).