Louis PHILIPPE JOSEPH, fifth Duke of Orleans, known as Egalit% born at Saint-Cloud, April 13. 1747. lie was first known as the Duke of Mont pensier, and 'after 1752 as the Duke of Chartres. He became Duke of Orleans after his father's death in 1785. Although possessed of good abili ties, the young Duke early fell into a course of debauchery from which he never absolutely emerged. In 1769 he married a rich wife and used the money so acquired to strengthen his popularity with the masses. Tn 1771 he op posed the Chancellor 3Iaupeou and was exiled from Court for a number of He returned in 1774, hut failed to find favor with Louis XVI. and the Queen. He commanded the rear of the royal fleet at the naval combat near Ushant in 1778, and made himself popular by advocating the eause of America. His increasing popularity rendered him MUDc and inure obnoxious to the Court. In the Assembly of Notables in he declared against the Ministerial proposals; and when the hifig sought to overcome the resistance of the Pa dement by a lit de justice, he pro tested against the proceeding. on the a--embling of the States-General, he took the popular side and voted with the extremists in the National Ass(mbly. 1\ lien the insurrectionary movements began in Paris in 1759 he promoted them by secret agents and money. The Court sent him on an ostensibly diplomatic mission to England, from which he returned after inure than -ix months' absence. in July. 1790. and engaged in new intrigues hostile to the King. He began to find. however, that he was the mere tool of a party who availed themselves of hi- influence and wealth for their own purposes. and this discov ery abated his revolutionary fervor. Ile with drew from the •lacobins, was reconciled to the King, and appeared at Court; but was treated with such contempt by the courtiers that lie turned once more to the cause of the Revolution. He joined party, renounced his assumed the name of Philippe Egalit(., and was returned to the Convention, in which he took his place with the party of the Mountain. He voted for the death of the King. The Jacobins were dissatisfied with him because he did not give up the whole of his immense wealth, and the base ness of his character alienated all his former supporters. On April 6. 1793. the Convention de creed the arrest of all the members of the Bour bon family, and the estates of the Orleans family were confiscated. Philippe Egaliti%with his family, was thrown into prison at Marseilles, and in May was accused of high treason. He was acquitted, but in September was brought before the Revo lutionary Tribunal in Paris: and on November G. 1793, he was condemned. and by his own re quest was executed the same day. He faced death courageously. His son. the seventh Duke of Orleans. became King of France in 1S30. See LOUIS PH/LIPPE.
LouLouis Phi I i ppe's eldest FERDINAND. Du kt• of war horn in Palen1e,. September 3, 1810. In 1831-32 he served in Belgium. a ml in 1835-40 in Algeria. and he subsequently took a prominent part in the reorganization of the French army. \\idle on his way from Paris to
Neuilly, July 13. 1S42. the horses of his carriage became unruly, and in jumping from it he frac tured his skull. He was a prince of many amiable qualities. and his death was greatly deplored IT the French people. lie left two sons. Loris Philippe, Count de Paris (q.v.) and Robert Philippe. Duke de Chartres (q.v.). After the fall of the Empire. the ((cleans were permit ted to return to France. whence they had been expelled in 1-4S. and for a time they exercised considerable influence on the polities of the (lay. They plotted the restoration of the July mon archy. but enjoyed little popularity owing to their close alliance with all the elements of re action in France. In June. I5S6. the Count de Paris. the Duke de Chartres, and the Duke d'Anlnahe were sent into exile. where the two former continued to plot with Boulanger (q.v.) for the overthrow of the Republic. The son of the Collrlt 1.0t*Is PHILIPPE ROBFRT.
Duke of Orleans 1 the pretender to the Crown of France. Becomitr.; of age in 1890, he went to Paris and there offered himself bir the customary military serf ice. but was arrested under the Expul sion Bill of 1880, u hit+ prevents the direct heirs of former reigning families from residing in France. After being imprisoned for a few months, he was liberated by President Cartmt, and escorted to the Swiss frontier by the French He afterwards lived in Prussels for a time. Between the years 1890 and 1895 he traveled in Asia. in 1896 he married an Austrian princess. lle had early assumed the ducal tithe last used by his grandfather. lle made a bid for popularity in connection with the Dreyfus affair in 1S97 by upholding the army, hut gained little by his interference. Until 1000 he resided in England. where be was well treated and re ceived, but in that year be brought himself into great. odium by publicly approving disgraceful caricatures of Queen Victoria, published in Paris. The other sons of King Louis Philippe were the Duke of Nemours, the Prince de Joinville, the Duke d'Ainuale, and the Duke de Montpensier Op's.). In 1852 the Government eon fisentra a large part of the Orleans estate to the value of 50,000.000 francs.
Consult, in addition to the histories of France and of the different reigns and periods: Lauren tin, II istoire des dues d'Orleons (Paris, I532 34) ; Marchal, La [amine drpuis NOil oriqine jusqu'd nos join's (ib., 1845) ; Saint Simon, Mentoires; Perkins, France Pnder the Regency (Boston, 1892); Lemontey, Histoire de la regenee (Paris, 1832) ; Wiesener, he regent, !'abbe Dubois et les Anglais (ib., l891•93); Jobez, La Prance sous Louis XI'., vols.i., ii. (lb., 1864-65); llistoire de Louis Philippe d'Orteons et de l'Orlea 1802) : Tournois, //istoirc de Louis Philippe .Joseph d'Orleans et du peril d'Orleans dans ses rap ports area la revolution jraneaise (lb_ 1842-43, 1876); Dueoin, Philippe d'Orll'ans F.galite (ib., 1845 61).