CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The State maintains hospitals for the insane at Har risburg. Danville, Norristown. Warren, Dixmont, and Warrensville. which together with the State aided asylums contained 7411 inmates on Sep tember 30. 1900. On the same date the hos for the sick and wounded. and homes for children. etc.. held a population of 21.6135. The four institutions for the deaf contained 405 per son,. the two blind asylums 271. and the two institution, for feeble-minded 165.3. The alms houses for that date had a population of 12.168. The State maintains a and sailors' home at Erie. There are State penitentiaries located at Philadelphia and at Allegheny. a House of ( orrection at Philadelphia. a in Al legheny County. a House of Refuge at Philadel phia, a Reform School at Morganza. and an Industrial Reformatory at Huntingdon; the ag gregate population of the-: together ith the 3493 inmates of county jails was. in 1900. 9108. The for all classes remain in institutions September 30. 1900. was 41.908. Besides these. about 4)).500 had received public outdoor relief during the year. The total public expenditure incurred for all the foregoing was $16.050.406. The 101*(91)4 Indian training school in the country is maintained by the National Government at Carlisle.
Henry Hudson in the half Moon anchored in Delaware Bay, August 28. 1609, and founded the Dutch claim to the bay and river, hough he did not land. After 1614 exploring parties were sent out and trailing posts founded on the eastern side of the river. Gustavus Adol phus. of Sweden, planned to found a colony in America, and under his (laughter, Queen Chris tina, Peter Minuit, formerly Governor of New :Netherland, built Fort Christina within the pres ent limits of Delaware, in 1638, and began to trade with the Indians. John Printz arrived with other colonists in 1643, and built New Gotten burg on Tinicum Island, the first settlement within the present limits of Pennsylvania. The Dutch looked with jealousy upon these and other Swedish settlements afterwards founded, and to offset the advance made by the Swedes, built Fort Casimir, at the .site of the present town of New
Castle, Del. This was captured by the Swedes in 1654; hut in September, 1655, Governor Stuyve sant, of New Netherland, appeared in the bay with seven vessels and overthrew the Swedish authority. The city of Amsterdam had furnished much of the money for this conquest, and in re turn the southern settlements were assigned to that. city under the• name of New Amstel. The `Company' colony was left in charge of Governor Stuyvesant. but in 1663 the two were reunited. When the Duke of York took possession of New Netherland in 1664 the settlements on the Dela ware were included and remained attached to New York until 1682. On March 4, 1681, William Penn (q.v.), in return for a debt of £16,000, owed to his father by Charles II., secured a grant of the territory west of the Delaware River be tween 40° and 43°, extending to the west five degrees. at an annual rent of two beaver skins and one-fifth of the gold and silver ore discovered in the region. As New Castle was supposed to be on or near the 40th degree, the eastern boundary was to begin where a circle, having its centre at that settlement, twelve miles in radius, in tersected the Delaware River and the southern boundary at the point where that circle inter sected the 40th degree. Full feudal rights, both to the soil and to the government, were granted. On December 6, 1682, Penn secured from the Duke of York the grant of the soil of the lower settlements, and by consent assumed govern mental rights. These settlements were within the original .Nlaryland patent, but Lord Balti more complained in vain. They remained at taehed to Pennsylvania, though with separate legislatures after 1703, until the Revolution, under the names 'the Lower Counties' or 'the Territories! The southern boundary caused much trouble later. When it was found that the 40th degree was north of the present site of Philadelphia, the ingenious theory was announced that the beginning of the 40th degree was at 39°. The matter was finally settled by a compro mise in 1760 (see MAsox AND DIXON'S LINE), when also the northern boundary was fixed at 42°.