In the department of ocensional addresses, com memorative, eulogistic. and expository. Webster hail an eminent successor in Everett. whose eulogy upon Washington is the best example of its kind. The approneh of the Civil War gave a fresh impulse to genuine oratory through the magnitude of the issues at stake. In Congress, Sumner, whose academic discourse had been heavy as cloth of gold with ancient spoils, now devoted his vdde learning, moral force, and commanding eloquence to the cause of unqualified freedom throughout the land. The same d Nnand was made before popular assemblies by Wendell Phil lips in his own way and by a manner of speech that for convincing an audience against its under standing persuading it against its will has seldom been surpassed.
Ituti.todtAmiv. For general view and refer ence: Scars. History of Oratory from the Aye of P(ricles to the Prerent Time (Chicago, 1896) ; also his to the Library of .11oder•n Eloquence (New York, 1901). For ancient ora tory: debb, Attic Orator•.s (London, 1876) ; Ma Ilistory of Classical (fret* Litt rature (New York, 188(1) ; Crutwell, History of Ronan: Litera ture (London, 189S) ; ('hero, Oratory and Ora tors, and Brutus. (ib., Tacit us, Dialogus dr Oratoribus (ib., 18651 ; Longinus, On the Nubliorc (ib., 1590) ; Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory (ib., 1865). For patristic and mediawal: Consult the lives of the Christian Fathers in Cave and the Ante-Nicrne Library (New York, 1895) ; and biographies of Peter the Berndt, Bernard of Clairvaux, and other preachers of crusades. For daeques de Vitry, consult Crane,
Exem phi, edited for the Society (Lon don, 189)r). For modern: Cormenin, Orators of France (New York, 1847) : also biographies and sermons of the great preachers of Louis NIV.'s reign; the Lines of the reformers, especially Luther and Latimer; Coodrich, British Eloquence (New York, Mil) ; Nicoll, (lr•rat Orators (Edin burgh, 1880) ; Mag(gm, Orators of the Errolu lion (Cincinnati, 1847) ; Mathews, Oratory and Orators (Chicago, 1879) ; Parker, (loh/en Arie of nteric(ot Oratory (Colton, 1S371. For tech nique and construetion: Aristotle, Rhetoric, and its successors to the present day, including the Lectures of J. Q. Adams (Cambridge, 1810) ; of lllair (Edinburgh, 182a); of Charming (Boston, 1556). On special departments: Ihobinson, Fo rensie Oratory (Boston, 1593) ; Phelps. Theory of Preaching (New York, 1881) ; Storms, Preuehing TI•ithout Notes (ib., 1897) : Dolyoake, Public Spraking and Debate (London, 1895) ; Sears, The Oer•asional Address (New York, 18971: and "After-Dinner in Library of 31 orient Eloquence (New York, 1901). And above all, the works of the best orators in all age:.