OTTAWA. The capital of the Dominion of Canada and of Carleton County. Ontario, at the junction of the Ottawa and Rideau rivers, on the Canadian Pacific. the Canadian Atlantic, the Ottawa and New York, and several other rail roads, 101 miles west of Montreal (Map: Canada, P 7). :It communicates by steamer on the Ottawa with Montreal, and by the Rideau Canal with Lake Ontario at Kingston. At the west end of the city the Ottawa rushes over the magnificent cataract known as the Chandiere Falls; and at the northeast end, divided by Green Island. there are two other cataracts, over which the falls into the Ottawa. The scenery around Ot tawa is scarcely surpassed by ally in Canada. The immense water power is made use of in foundries, factories, flour-mills, and in several saw-mills, which give Ottawa its principal trade in enormous quantities of sawed timber. A rail way bridge and a road bridge which has supplanted the suspension bridge over the Chaudiere Falls connect Ottawa with Hull (q.v.). in the Province of Quebec. Four bridges span the Rideau River.
Ottawa's streets are wide and laid out at right angles. Among its chief features are the Parlia ment and departmental buildings on Parliament Hill, 125 feet above the river, magnificent strue tures built of Canadian and New York sandstone, which cover nearly four acres, and cost about 84,000,000. The style of achitecture is the Ital
ian Gothic; the south front of the quadrangle is formed by the Parliament building, 500 feet long. Other buildings include the Basilica or Roman Catholic Cathedral of Notre Dame, Christ Church Cathedral, the city hall. post-office, Rideau ]fall, the Governor's residence, numerous churches, the Ottawa Roman Catholic University, the Coligny Ladies' College, a collegiate institute and normal school, and several charitable and benevolent in stitutions. The Public or Parliamentary Library contains over 200,000 volumes, and there are also an interesting museum and a national art gallery. The city maintains several tine parks, has water. gas, and electric lighting plants, electric street railroads, and a modern system of sewerage. It is the residence of the Governor-General of Canada. the scat of a United States consul-gen eral, and the see of the Roman Catholic Arch bishop of Ottawa, and of the Anglican Bishop of Ontario. Ottawa was founded in 1827 by Colonel By, from whom it was named Bytown; was in corporated as a city under its present name in 1854: and was selected by Queen Victoria as the capital of Canada in 1S5S. Population, in 1ti91, 44,150; in 1901, •59.903.