PAMUNKEY, A former leading tribe of the confederacy (q.v.) of Virginia and one of the very few tribes of the Atlantic Coast region of tire 'United States which have retained their organization. On the first col onization of Virginia in 1607 they were estimated at nearly three hundred warriors, being the larg est tribe of the confederacy. Their most noted chiefs were Opechancano (q.v.), Totopotomoi, and Queen Anne. The war begun under Opechan cano in 1622 resulted in the destruction of their town, which was burned by Governor Wyatt in 1625, after a desperate battle in which he met and defeated nearly 1000 Indians. A second ris ing in 1644 ended a year later in the capture and death of ttpechameanee and the disruption of the confederacy, each tribe, including the Pa 'flunkey. making a separate treaty of peace and being as.igned to :a reservation held On Condition of the payment of an annual tribute. About the year let."it the Painunkey suffered another terrible loss in the death of their chief Toteepotoinoi with nearly one hundred of his men, who had volun teered their services to the English to 'repel an invasion of a hostile mountain tribe. Queen Anne. the widow and successor of Totopotomoi, maintained her friendship with the English. and for her services in later Indian wars N%a-- pre sented with a silver coronet by the English Gov ernment, In 1781 the I'auifnrkev occupied the• same reservation which they still hold, consisting of a few hundred acres in a bend of Panninkey River. Here about 140 mixed-bloods still keep the name and tribal organization under Mate• laws. They are all fishermen or hunters, making a good living from their annual catch. They der not vote or pay taxes, but still pre'se'nt tire Gov ernor of an annual tribute of game in token of their former submission.
PAN (Lat., from Gk. Ifdp, c•onueeted with Lat. pasci, to feed. pastor, shepherd. Skt. pa. to protect). A Greek god of herd. and hunter-, pastures and forests. 111. seems to have beet, originally tire god of shepherd. and goatherels. while he is but slightly with neat eat tle, whic•hr formed a very unimportant part of the wealth of the region where cult grew up. This was especially the mountainous district of Arcadia, and the varied aspects of the geed can be easily referred to the wandering life of the herdsmen, which led them froin tire lower pas tures and valleys up to tire high mountain. and
cooler regions in the summer. From this life also is derived conneethen with the hunt and fishing. as both are diversion, of the life. He seems to have passed into ne war-god with the growth of the mercenary ser vice of the Arcadians, themgh from relatively early times we hear of the Pneeir fear. whielf he inspired. This seems derived from the a ppar ently causeless 'stampedes' of herds often hurry ing them tee destruction, and the observation that similar frenzy seemed to seize an army at and drive it into mad rout. Pan is not mentioned in the epic, and his worship seems to have spread but gradually beyond Peloponnesus. It was in troduced into .‘theirs after the battle of Mara thon, when Pan was believed to have promise to help the Athenians. .1 sanetn:sy in a Cave rein tire' northwest side of the Acropolis m ,e, then given to him, and many votive' reliefs of Pan and the nymphs attest his popularity. lie also be'rno•ee'l with annual siret•iticrs and a torch race. ()wing to the character of his milt, the legends about Pan are in loeals lie is called the s.11 of ZetN and Callisto and twin brother of Areas; of Hermes and the daughter of or Penelope•: hey later mythographers, who con nected the name with rav, as the son of Penelope and all the suitors, A late hymn tells of his birth, and how Hermes carried hint to Olympus. where he delighted all tire gods. Later philosophers, especially some of the Stoics, transformed this divinity into tire great All-God. but this was never a general bclic£. appearance was described in accord anee with his nature. Goat's legs and horns, a shaggy beard and hair, and goat-like features bespoke hi. origin, and this type is common in art, though associated from the middle of the lifth century u.c. with another, representing him as a vonth, whose animal nature is only marked by short horns on the forehead. Hellenistic art also introduced female Pans and child Pans, though the Greek religion knew of but the one god. In art he became attached especially to Dionysus, perhaps on account of the satyrs. The artistic type of Pan seems also to have contributed to the development of the popular representations of the Devil in the earlier Christian art.