PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. An ex position held in Buffalo. N. Y.. from May 1, to November 2, 1901. It had for its purpose the illustration of the progress of civilization in the Western Ilemislihere during the nineteenth cen tury, and was originally planned for 1898, but the war with Spain intervened and the enter prise was deferred until 1901. A site in the northern part of Buffalo, covering an area of 350 acres and within three miles of the business centre of the city. was chosen. A formal ground plan introducing architecture, sculpture, and painting was early adopted, and it was agreed that the style of architecture should he a free adaptation of the Spanish Renaissance, that abrupt roofs with overhanging eaves should be used in preference to flat roofs with cornices and balustrade*, that color and decorative sculpture should be introduced freely in the treatment of the buildings. and that the appearance of the exposition should be as gay and festive as possi ble. The buildings were arranged around a broad court having the form of an inverted T with its broad end to the south, where an ap proach was made over a triumphal causeway. From this on the east toward the north were the group of Government buildings, the Ethnol ogy Building, the buildings of Manufactures and Liberal Arts, and Agriculture, while on the west side were the buildings of Electricity, Machinery, and Transportation, Temple of Music, and Hor ticulture, with its two wings, of which was devoted tee exhibits in graphic arts and the other to exhibits of mining. At the north end of the• court thus formed, and balancing the Triumphal Causeway, was the Electric Tower. In addition to the foregoing, there were two permanent buildings, one of which, constructed of white marble and bricks, served as an art building, and is now flee home of the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, and the New York State Building, of white marble, which now contains the collections of the Buffalo Historical Society. The color seheme was designed and directed by Sir. C. Y. Turner, who chose as the underlying theme the fierce struggle of man to overcome the ele ments. Accordingly, the buildings on the east were arranged to represent man and his affairs, or that which man had gained after long years of strife with the elements, while those on the west represented the elements themselves. The strug
gle was denoted by heavy, deep coloring of red, blue, green. and gold, which graduated gently but firmly into tints, until the Electric Tower was reached, where the prevalent tone was a deep green, as near the color of Lake Erie as it was possible to attain. The tower, which had sculp ture work on the four corners, itself was of a light ivory color, and was tinted with blue, green, and gold, which grew' fainter as the top was reached, terminating in a gilt figure of the Goddess of Light. The color treatment gained for the Exposition the name of the Rainbow City, or the Tinted City. The sculpture was likewise harmonized with the general plan, and was under the direction of Mr. Karl Bitter. At the en trance of the Exposition, the Triumphal Cause way, which was perhaps the most ornate feature, represented the apotheosis of the United States, an allegorization of national pride, while the Electric Tower at the other end symbolized the great waters, suggesting that the importance, growth, and prosperity of Buffalo were due chiefly to the Great Lake system and waterways on which it was located. On the east side of the Esplanade the most conspicuous work was the Fountain of Man, by Mr. Charles Grady; while on the west side, which was devoted to Nature, there was placed the Fountain of Nature, by Mr. George Brewster. All of the sculpture was in white stair. The exhibits were examined by a jury of awards, and upward of 4000 awards of gold, silver, and bronze medals, and honorable mentions, were made. The total attendance was given as 8.179.674. The total cost of the Exposi tion was $8,860.757, and the total receipts were $5,534,643, leaving a deficit of $3,326,114. On September 6th President William McKinley (q.v.) was shot down by an assassin while hold ing a public reception in the Temple of Music, and he died eight (lays later at the house of John J. Milburn, the president of the Exposition.