neetion with tie 11..u-e of Lord, it i- ne ry to tile 'Lie peculiar tunetion 1.1 actii-g a, a court of rt- a ri .14 it hi .1 it kept since the reparation of t r Privy t ouncil trim Parliamei t in the reign I Pachard II.
With the n dames I. q.v.) in 1603 began the la-t _rent C. twee'. P:•rlial...ent and the t genii. The Tudors-had been retain tl eir personal popularity and to r ile somewhat de-poti .ally because they In 1.1 to a definite !public policy. The 'quart,. in default of this. obstinately the principle of divine right. which was peculiarly &OMNI. 11- to t ..• Party, at that time bet-on ing -Iron 1\loreover. dame- was a fon Muer and nt the need- I Hand better than tl o-e Li g land. Tie. -truggle with Parlian i•i•t cot tit. to 1 t irongliont his reign and that f In rl• - 1.
q.v.), re-tilting in the ;reot iVil War a 1.1 tl e rule of ttliNer Urn well (q.v.!. T1 c centred about the right of tax, ti. n n 1 the to imp :tell royal officials In both of ti. -e rt at ters the •ke of l n mon- ultimately won a complete vict• rv. a- al-o in the question of the of it• own men hers.
Though the army all-p. werful during Protectorate itself. the Ite-tor.ti. n found Par• li-ment in possessi m of the for hie], it had long struggled. The reign of ( II. was strictly Parliamentary, at ]ea-t a, far outward f riv- went. and freedom of .peeeli in Parliameyt was .1.11.nitely establi-lied. In this reign, n oreover. the influence of the la wer 11. was vastly by the provkion that for the grant of must not 1.• nine! I. t'u• Lord-. \Vith t_ hark- II. also app,,,-,,1 abinet, or body of it 4) lc Id P. rlia mt•nt and are re-ponsible to it. tl oligh t this represented no definite party or -v-tei 1. .111.
nun her of in• .1 the II use of C n t for :n1 \Val( which had been f.reatly in crea-ei 11.3- • ( n to it i.te..... 1.• it' became fixed at 513. rigidity Inert I alni-re of rotten bor.w.fe„. N hi e pqmlat ion rem it..- 1 our rte.]. 1. - of its power of Cr atin • 1. r. wa- se: 1..•we to 11( n. hut it veil gr. at in fluence Lc t•1 arpointu • nt to bier. tit. f f. and 4.N en ,:_r.'--er for it hri .
Ti .0:h t' Hey FI i• n of less c hir.11 din
to Par i i• ert ry -tr it- trect upon t • IcVt• t r, of P irliat ire rear• it g. T. e Ili] P„i•_. t- I. I tl • f t e I. lig -urn •gle bet 1...11 matt an! the at .1 the 11 it to rigl t if t e thi t•e 1. 1" inl- on I' trlia Mary re • mith n. T' 1- I. L r1V ,1 11 in 17111 lw t et of T.t ve-ted t .0 Crown in the Pr..te-t n t Itv the Triennial \ et of 11;41 t lif if • t 1 1 to 11 roe t. -r . 1 1 will' the p of the ling p sent lei t Parliament in exi-tt ft. r i i • the confidence of the nation. The limit was ex tended to seven years by the Septennial Aet of 1716, which is still in force. The eighteenth cen tury is notable for the complete development of the party system, though the Whigs and Tories had existed under these menses Sine(' 1679. In connection with the rise of appeared the completely developed Cabinet g(wernment, where by the Crown is compelled to select its ministers from the dominant party in the of Com mons. The fact that George 1. was a foreigner and unable to speak English had much to do with this change in government. George III. (q.v.), indeed, tried to create a party of his own, but failed. Henceforth the maxim that 'the King reigns but does not govern' represents the spirit of the English Constitution. In 1707, by the union of Scotland with England and Wales to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, certain changes were made in the composition of Parlia ment. Scotland received 45 members in the House of Commons, while its peers were to elect for every Parliament 16 representatives from their number to sit in the Upper llouse. As the Crown was restrained from creating new peers for Scotland. the Scottish peerage is gradually hecoming extinct. In 1800 the Irish Parliament also ceased to have a separate existence, and Ireland was to he represented in the Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland by one of the four archbishops and three of the eighteen bishops sitting by rotation of sessions, by 28 temporal lords elected for life by the Irish peerage, and by 100 members of the House of Commons. The spiritual lords lost their seats in 1370, however, in consequence of the disestablishment of the Irish Church.