PAVIA, pir-ve% The capital of the Province of Pavia, Italy, situated on the left bank of the Ticino, two miles above its confluence with the Po, 18 miles south of Milan, with which it is con nected both by river and canal (Map: Italy, D 2 ) . An ancient covered granite bridge of seven arches and an iron railway bridge connect the city with the suburb of Ticino, on the right bank of the river. Through the town with its narrow streets runs the Corso Cevour. The city is still mostly surrounded by its old walls. and has en impos ing appearance, but bears a sombre impress of antiquity. In former times it was called the `city of a hundred towers,' but few of these now remain. Some of the edifices are by Bramante. The oldest church is San Michele, a fine example of the Lombard-Romanesque style. The cathe dral. containing some good paintings, was com menced in 1486, but was never finished. It is now being restored. In a beautiful chapel at tached to it are the ashes of Saint Augustine in a magnificent Gothic sarcophagus. The Certosa di Pavia (q.v.), the most splendid monastery in the world. lies five miles north of the city. Pavia has a famous university with an imposing and interesting building. (See PAVI., UNIVERSITY OF.) The Palazzo Malaspina contains a mu seum with a collection of paintings and an tiquitics and is assoriated with the lives of Loi;thins and Tetrarch. The other chief objects t interest are two theatres, an old castle built by the Visconti and now converted into a barrack, a huge bronze statue of Pope Pius V.. a marble
statue of Italia, and monuments to Garibaldi and to Volta. The Collegio Borromeo was founded in 1363 and the Collegio Ghislieri in 1560. Both offer scholarships. There are also an episcopal seminary. a lyceum, a technical school, an art and industrial school, and a Deaf and Dumb In stitute. Pavia has manufactures of machines, hats, organs, chemicals, and leather. There are also important marble works. The yearly fair is largely attended, and the chief trade is in wine, rice, oil, silk, and cheese. Population (cont mune I. in 133,1, 34.826: in 1901, 35,447.
Pavia, the ancient Ticinum, was founded by the Ligurii. lt, became a place of considerable importance after the fall of the Roman Empire. It came into the possession of the Goths and Lombards, and the latter made it the capital of their Italian Kingdom, which was conquered by Charles the Great in 774. In 924 the city was taken and destroyed by the Hungarians. It be came independent in the twelfth century. After having been weakened by civil wars, it was con quered by the Visconti of Milan in 1359. From this time its history is merged in that of the Duchy of 31ilan and of Lombardy. Here, on Feb ruary 24..1525. the forces of Charles V. defeated the French and captured Francis I. The city was stormed and pillaged by Napoleon in 1796.