PALMER, SAMUEL (1305-81). An English landscape painter, illustrator, and etcher. Ile was born at Newington, January 27. 1805. lle first studied under an obscure artist named Wate, and then in the antique school of the British Museum; but his style was formed under the influence and advice of his father-in-law, John Grinnell, and William Blake. After sketch ing extensively in Wales and Devonshire, he went to Route in 1837, remaining there two years. From this time he devoted himself mainly to water colors, becoming a full member of the Water Color Society in 1854. He also illustrated a number of works, the best of which were Milton's Corium, L'Allegro, and I/ Penseroso. Palmer was the last of the ideal school of landscape painters, represented in England by Wilson, Turner, and others. His paintings, mostly aquarelles, are good in color and chiefly characterized by wealth of poetic feeling. Among the best are: "Dream on the Apennines" (1804) ; "Curfew" (187(1) ; "The Waters Mur inuring" (1877) ; "The Eastern Gate" (MI) ; "The Hellman" (1882) ; and the "Street of the Tombs, Pompeii" (1870), an oil painting. As
an etcher he is placed in the first rank by Ruskin and Hamerton ; he became a member of the Etchers' Club in 1853. His best plates include: "The Sleeping Shepherd," "The Skylark," and "The Rising Moon" (1857) ; "The Herdsman" (1805) ; "Morning of Life" (1872) : "The Lonely Tower" (1880). Like his water colors, his etch ings are highly finished and are marked by a subtle treatment of light. Ills literary proclivi ties are shown by his translation of Vergil's Eeloglies, which he began to illustrate, but com pleted only one etching, "The Opening of the Fold," before his death, which occurred near Reigate. May 24, 1881. Consult: A. H. Palmer, Samuel Palmer, Painter and Etcher (London, 7891) ; Varley, Samuel Palmer, .1/ cmoir ( ib., 1882).