THE CYLINDER MACHINE. While almost all pa• per. ordinarily so called, made in the Vour.
drinier machine, a very large class of liea%2, paper,. cardboard-. st rau boa r.1, neus boa id binders' board, and the like, a- well a. itio-t tissue paper, is made on a different machine. Instead of the horizontal wire on %%Melt the pulp tilo%Ns. the %%ire i• fastened around al el Hillier 111111 111 :1 vat of pulp. and as it re‘iii%,— a film of pulp vonies up %%WI it, I he uater running Mr through the %%ire. As there is no lateral shake. the paper is not felted as %Nell as nI the other in:whine, and has le-, -trength across the web. It is easy to arrange several and eylinders ..1 that the sheets shall unite. and in this Nvay very heavy board. are trade. The 1.1.'4 of the machine, pre,- roll-, driers, etc., is the same a- described pre% \I hilt, as already stated. the product of the not so important. there are in the United States nearly a- want of these in operation as rourdrinier machines.
Co.vrED l'.%etuts. is amount it paper 14 given :1 surface coating of variou- sub•tanee. after it leaves the paper mill proper. The process of coating is as follows: The paper i4 fed in a roll to a rotart• brush whieli applies the ...ailing all one side. other brushes spread the material evenly. ;111.1 it is then hung front sticks in festoon• in a steam-heated room. The stick• rest on moving racks which pa-• the festoons north' down the room. 1\ hen dry the paper is rewound :t11.1 caletalered, glazed. or em bossed. If it I. to he coated on two sides, it is pas•ed through the machine a -.pond time and the other side coated• patented prove..., for coating both sides at once i, in use, but i. only suitable for it cheap pr..Inct.
b0111.' pa per (11,1'11 for illustration• the better sort utter.. it very smooth surface is needed to reproduce every line and shading of till' rill k eoated with clays and Ole or casein. and the necessary sin...aline-. obtained by calendering in a machine •imilar to the super calender described alHae, bill hating Vompri---1.11 cotton roll- in place of tallier one.. Lithographie Tallier is usually coated on one side only. and i used for printing from stone-. See 1.tr110t, It.?PIIY.
(;/';:.d imprrir are chiefly u-ed for covering paper boxes. They are coaled on one -ille only and given a very high glossy surface by the friri imt cub n 1. r. eon-ist. of a top roll of pill-lied iron heated by -team re%olving at a nitwit higher speed than the roll b.lou, whieh is made of compressed cotton. The paper a- it pa--es betueen thu-c rolls is smoothed as if a hot iron tvere passed over it t'olor- are given to the coating. various pigments being With the day: and the high lustre obtained by using bces‘vax earnanba %vox in the coat tug mixture. ...\1:iny other elreet, are ob tained by eoating and embo-sing paper.
pup. r is printed in eolor. and designs from paper in the roll. and i- often rmb.),ed.
Originally the w rappin.! paper called inaltila paper via- made of manila hemp, jute, old rope. and other sub-tome- kit ing a strong fibre. `sinee the introdilvti.m of sulphite fibre the ordinary manila wrapping paper of commerce i- made wholly if 'wood. while the strong paper made of old rope and other strong materials called rope mail Paper. may b. ela--itied a- follous: ( 1)
X\ utiu, paper-. e. mprising bond paper,. ranging from the hest bank note and eertith.tte to gr •111? inferior grade-. lim' in nntboig but none; papers. tor bookkeeping an I tiler line %intim:, Imen papt.1-, uith lough -urlace and laud water mirk. \\ riticg paper- are knoun in the tra.b. a, 'flat' papers, a- .pp.-ed to printin2 p.•per-. whr h 11-.11 to he tO1111-11 in but nou are al.. fiat and almost folded. I_'t Hook paper-. 31 Xt•tts paper. largely made of grown! IA. od.
I 4I \\ rapping paper, tope la.211= manila. etc. (:i; klotting paper nn-iir.l I. cover paper-, etc. Board, of a 11 -ort rau board. box hoard, I eti- board (inaele from obl printe41 board. tie. Pulp is u.rd for a great many purpose- beside. makir.„! into paper. It is waterproofed ;Ind pre--ea into rails and many It 14 111•eli for the in-ide of car t?IZEN. Formerly y. ry twiny name. uere in to designate di tierent size, paper.. but lam they are largely Obsolete. espeuially in .‘i 'erica. and. standard are being a ore and more sup r -.Jed special orders of odd The min for the size- of until,: paper, are largely the same in the failed "4tate- and in England, but the -dies ditrer -lightlt .\ few ..t the mo-t mon are given beloii, tvith the site "l both conn trie•: Sr.%11.1 Ics. The rnited !state. een-ii. of faro .11.1u. a tern' rapid growth of the paper indli-tr? siuec 1,911. \\Idle the ninal..r of milk did not greatIt itlete:1?e. 111. tnilte lf 1 ile ru.l1111. 11.1. t.11111111.1e. :11111 the capital int.—tea licarl? doubled The an omit nf -prime wood eon-tuned each year -o great that wiles- r met 11..1- of fore-try are soon introduced, tilt- -.lame ..f sill, ply till] be cut I or. In 19110. Tli per cent of all the wood ii-e.1 in the and the rotyliuption was 1..1119.202 out of a reported t, pal ...•-t of all material- of :70.530...116. only ;:13.1102...tee2 writ for rag-. which were the only n aterial available tittt tear. ago.
Little, The Chemistry of Paw Making New York. 1s94) : section on "Paper and Pulp," in Tme//th cinsas of the United Stotts, vol. ix., -Manufactures, part iii. (Washington, 1902) ; Mierzin-Li, Handbuch der Papicrfabrikatioa (Vienna. 1886): Hofmann, id., (2d ed., Berlin, Iss6-9s: English trans., New York, 1894) ; Kirchner, Papier ( Biberach, 1897-99) ; Schubert. Die Praxis der Papicrfabrikation !SOS) ; id.. Die Papiircorarbcitung Lib.. 1900-02) : and Blanchet. Essai sur rhistoirc du papier et de so fabrication (Paris, 1000).
In the English law, a book containing copies of all the pleadings and an abstract of all the facts necessary to a complete understanding of a ease. A paper-book is only required to be filed with the court where the facts are agreed upon or have been determined and the question is one of law only. Where the argument is before a court of original jurisdic tion the facts must have been agreed upon or admitted by the pleadings. Where a case is appealed the paper-book corresponds to what in the United States is usually called the 'case and except ions.' See APPEAL; CASE; PLEADING; PRACTICE.