The Treaty of Paris of May :30. 1514 ( First Peace of Paris was coneluded between Frame on the one hand and the representatives of all the great Powers of Europe on the other. It pro vided that Frame should surrender all her cen quests exeept slight territories MI the northern and eastern boundaries. leaving her with the boundaries of 1792. She was to pay no indem nity. and was to retain all works of art taken from conquered countries with a few. Most of the colonies taken from her by Great Britain were restored; Holland was restored to the House of Orai.gt ; of the colonial posse-ssions wrested from Holland. Great Britain retained Ceylon. the Cape of Good Hope, and part of Suri nam (Guiana) ; Switzerland Wa., declared inde pendent; Italy, except the Austrian provinces, was to consist of independent States; a similar arrangement was made for Germany; the navi gation of the Rhine was to be Open; and the set tlement of all other questions of Fun pearl con cern was to be intrusted to a European congress to be convened at Vienna. (!see VIENN t Cox i.uv.s8.1 By secret provisions it was agreed that the Allies should control the distributions of ter ritory at the congress: that Austria should re Northern Italy; that the king of Sardinia should receive Genoa; and that Belgium and 11o1 land should be united as a defensive territory against France.
The of Paris of November 20, 1815 (Seeonil Peace of Paris). was concluded bet Wei.11 France on the one hand and the Allies on the other, and materially nmilified the treaty of 1814. By this treaty Frame was deprived 4.1 Cell:1in small territories to the north and east which she ha-1 been allowed to retain by the treaty of She Watt. aI.o compelled to pay 111(11.11111itie.tt to ti t. allied Powers for the expenses of the war. amountiwr to 1:40.000.0nO to to 0,cupation of her frontier pr. v for a period of five years by an allied arny of 1JO.00 o• 0 men. and to defray the cost , th is
occupation out of her own revenues. Indemnities to a large amount were allowed several of the allies for the spoliations committed on them by the French armies. the total amount of the entire indemnity exceeding £60,000.000.
The Treaty of Paris of Mareh 311, 1850, was eoneluded among the Powers at the close of the Crimean War (q.v.), a ml settled a number of questions of European public law of great hn portance. It provided that the Black Sea should he neutralized, and that it should be thrown open to the merchant marine of every nation. All war vessels of every nation. including Russia and Turkey, were forever prohibited from entering that sea. The Czar and the Sultan agreed not to establish upon its coasts any military fort or arsenal. A portion of Bessarabia was sur rendered by Russia, and the River Danube was declared to be open to free navigation. For the purpose of insuring free navigation, and for policing and improving the river, it was placed under the supervision of an international com mission. This provision was declared to be a part of the public law of Europe. The Sublime Porte was formally admitted to the European concert, and the Powers engaged to respect the independence and integrity of the Ottoman Em pire. The Danubian principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were to continue under the su zerainty of the Porte, Russia renouncing her pro tectorate over them and the Powers guaranteeing all the privileges and immunities of which they were then in possession. Several important prin ciples of international law were agreed upon at the same time, and were embodied in the Declara tion of Paris (q.v.).
The Treaty of Paris of December 10, IS98, ter minated the Spanish-American War. Spain re linquished her sovereignty in Cuba, and ceded Porto Rico, the Philippine Islands, and the isl and of Guam to the United States, from which she received the sum of $20,000,000.