PEP'IN, or PIPPIN. The name of several Frankish mayors of the palace, ancestors of the Carolingian king?. PEPIN TIIE ELDER ( died 639), also known as PEPIN OF LANDEN, was the first, of the name to become prominent. He was major dom us of King Dagobert 1. of the Franks, and, together with his friend Arnulf, Bishop of Metz, controlled the policy of the State. The son of Arnulf was Ansegisel, and he married Bega, the daughter of Pepin. Their son was PEPIN OF• IlmusTat, (died 714), who became major domus in the eastern part of the Frankish realm, known as Austrasia, about 679. For sev eral years he waged an war against Ebroin, major domus of Neustria or West Frank land, until in 087 he won a decisive victory at Testry, which gave predominance to Austrasia, the Germanic part of the Frankish country, over Neustria, which on the whole w•as Celtic. Pepin became the ruler over all the Franks, completely overshadowing the various kings. His natural son was the famous Charles Martel (q.v.).—PEmv THE SHORT (714-768) was King of the Franks from 751 to 708. Be was the second son of Charles Martel, and hence a grand son of Pepin of Beristal. In 741 he and his brother Karlmann received the office of mayors of the palace. In 742 they found it necessary to place a. Merovingian, Childerich III., upon the throne which their father had left vacant. For some years the two brothers ruled conjointly, but in 747 Karlmann abdicated and became a monk, and later abbot of Monte Cassino. In
751, supported by the Pope, Pepin was crowned king, thus becoming the first king of the Caro lingian dynasty. Childerich was compelled to enter a monastery. In 754 Pepin was made pa trician of Rome. Soon after he made an expe dition into Italy against the Lombards, whom he conquered. The portion of the Exarchate of Ravenna which the latter had seized Pepin gave to the Pope. (See AISTULF. ) In the fol lowing year he made another expedition against the Lombards, whom he subdued thoroughly, and reneni•ed his gift to the Papacy. This is some times called the Donation of Pepin (q.v.). Be sides overcoming the Lombards. Pepin conquered Aquitaine. took some cities from the Saracens, added Bavaria to his empire, and began the wars against the Saxons which his son Charles was to wage successfully. Pepin was closely associ ated with the great missionary Boniface (q.v.), and did much to strengthen the relations between the Papacy and the Franks. He died Septem ber 24, 768, and was succeeded by his sons Karl mann and Charles the Great (q.v.). Consult: Bonnell, Die Anfiinge des karolingischen Ha uses (Berlin, 1866) ; Fustcl de Coulanges, Histoirc des institutions politiques de l'arneicnne France (Paris, 1892) ; Waitz, Deutsche Verfassungsgc sehichtc (Kiel, 1879-96) ; Oelsner, Jahrbiicher des friinkisehen Reiches vizier Konig Pepin (Leip zig, 1871) ; Hodgkin, Italy and Her invaders, vol. vii. (Oxford, 1899).