STEWART, DCGALO (1753-182S). A Scottish philosopher, born in Edinburgh. Ile studied at the University of Edinburgh from 1765 to 1769. In 1771 he went to Glasgow, partly with a view to one of the Snell scholarships at Balliol Col Oxford, and partly to attend the lectures Reid. It was there that he wrote an es say on dreaming, which was his first effort in mental philosophy and contained the germs of many of his subsequent speculations. He lived in the same house with Archibald Alison, the author of the Essay on Taste, and the two became intimate friends through life. He was at Glas gow only one session. In 1772, in his nineteenth year, he was called upon by his father, whose health was failing, to teach the mathematical classes in the University of Edinburgh; in 1775 he was elected joint professor, and acted in that capacity till 17S5. In 177S Adam Ferguson was absent from his post on a political mission to America, and Stewart taught the moral philoso phy class in addition to his mathematical classes. On the resignation of Ferguson in 1785, he was appointed professor of moral phi losophy, and continued in the active duties of the chair for twenty-five years. In 1792 appeared
his first volume of the Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind. In 1793 he puhlished his Outlines of Moral Philosophy. In 1806, on the accession of the Whig Party to power, he re ceived a sinecure office worth £300 a year. In 1810 Stewart gave up his active teaching work and retired to Kinneil House, Linlithrrowshire, which the Duke of Hamilton placed at his ser vice. In the same year he puhlished his Philo sophical Essays; in 1814 the second, and in 1827 the third volume of the Elements: and in 1828 Philosophy of the .letire and Moral Powers. He died in Edinburgh, June 11, 1828.
The philosophy of Stewart was the following up of the reaction the skeptical re sults that Berkeley Hume drew from the principles of Locke. Both Reid and Stewart pro fessed the Baconian method of observation and induction, but considered that those processes of investigation could estahlish certain ultimate truths of a higher certainty than themselves. His collected works were edited by Sir W. Ham ilton, in 11 vols. ( Edinburgh, 1854-59), to which Professor Veitch contributed a biography.