EXTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY. States possessing certain powers, such as that of negotiating treaties, declaring tvar, and regulating their internal administration, are called sovereign powers and are the parties to international law, entitled to its rights and privileges and liable to its duties and responsibilities. In international law sovereignty is not regarded as absolute, since no State is wholly independent of the other mem hers of the family of nations. Some States fre quently receive commands front and are practi cally in subjection to other nations, but are nevertheless treated as sovereign powers for the purposes of international law. Such are Turkey, Servia. and Egypt. Moreover, in international law, sovereignty is generally looked upon as divisible in nature. Certain States are termed half-sovereign or semi-sovereign. A State may yield up its right to negotiate with other powers, or the right to make war, or may surrender the control of a large part of its internal admin istration, and yet remain in the eyes of inter national law at least a semi-sovereign State. We may thus have a State which is sover eign internally—that is, over its own subjects —and at the same time subordinate to the commands of some other State externally, as was Madagascar. In fact, the territorial expansion of the Great Powers has given rise to a variety of complicated relations be tween strong and weak States, such as the pro tectorate, suzerainty, and the 'sphere of in fluence,' which make exceedingly difficult the logical application of the conventional idea of sovereignty, and, indeed, can be explained only by reference to the category of international law.
In recent years it has been maintained that sovereignty has no place among the concepts of political seienee, and should properly he elimi nated from its terminology. Sovereignty and absolutism are regarded as identical in nature. and it is declared that constitutionalism, federal ism, and imperialism alike require that this con cept. born in the days of the struggle with feudal ism. should now be abandoned. Other publicists maintain that a State may exist as a State al though devoid of the attribute of sovereignty.
There may be, in other words, a non-sovereign State, of which such communities as Bavaria and Saxony would lie types. Such 'States' possess true political power. governing in their right, and not by delegated authority, but are to be classed as non-sovereign States, in asmuch as they are subordinate to the Empire as a whole. The same position has been claimed for the members of the American Union by Woodrow Wilson.
A small carnivo rous crustacean of the family Onis &Ice, the species of which live under logs in the woods and in similar places. It is an isopod. See CRI:STACEA; ISOPODA: and compare GRIBBLE.