HISTORY. In 1562 Jean Ribaut (q.v.), acting for Admiral Coligny, attempted to form a eolony of French Huguenots at Port Royal. The colony, however, was abandoned the next year, and other attempts were made farther south. Charles 1. granted in 1630 to Sir Robert Death all the territory between and 36° extending from sea to sea. No settlement was made, and in 1663 Charles 11. granted the same to eight Lords Proprietors, favorites at Court. In 1665 the limits were extended to 29° and 36° 30'. Full proprietary rights were given, but the Proprietors were to legislate "by and with the advice, assent, and approbation of the freemen." Permission to grant religious freedom was given, and subin feudation was allowed. The terms to settlers were at first liberal, but in 1669 the attempt was made to put into effect the 'Fundamental Constitution' drawn by John Locke. (See NORTH CAROLINA.) An expedition consisting of 200 persons under William Sayle settled upon the Ashley River in 1670. A 'parliament' consisting of the five deputies of the Proprietors and twen ty members elected by the freeholders was estab lished in 1671. In 1680 the settlement was re moved to the present site of Charleston. Immigra tion was rapid. and by 1700 the colony contained 5500 inhabitant's.
The colony was turbulent from the beginning. It refused to adopt the Fundamental Constitu tions, quarreled over the quit-rents, and in 1693 secured the right of initiative in legislation. In May, 1704, the Proprietors ordered the enforce ment of the Test Act requiring conformity to the Church of England, but an appeal to the Whig House of Lords led to the annulment of the Test Act in the colony in 1706, though the Church was still established. The colony was divided into North and South Carolina in 1710. The Yemassee Indians, instigated by the Spanish at Saint Augustine, attacked the settlements in 1715, and the Proprietors refused to grant aid. When appeal was made to the Crown it was shown that no aid could be given unless the government was vested in the King. Numerous other grievances led to the assembling of a con vention which assumed the powers of government, and James Moore (q.v.) was chosen to act as Governor until the King's pleasure was known. The Royal Governor, Sir Francis Nicholson, ar rived in 1721 and in 1729 the Crown purchased the propriet:r•y rights. From this time the as sembly never relinquished a single right it gained, and before the Revolution claimed all the rights and privileges of the British Parliament. The first
printing press was set up in 1730, and the South Carolina Gaz-ette was established two years later. The colony joined 0g,lethorpe's unsuccessful ex pedition against the Spaniards in 1740, and was occupied with Indian troubles in 175g, 1760, and 1765. The Cherokees ceded their lands in 1755, and the Scotch-Irish began to fill them up. The colony was prompt in its resistance to the Stamp Act, and troops were quartered in Charleston. It agreed to the non-importation agreement in 1769-70, and sent money and supplies to Boston iu 1774. Delegates were sent to the Continental Congress in 1774 and the Provincial Congress met January 11, 1775. At the second session in June, 1775, troops were voted, and Lord William Campbell tried in vain to restore royal authority. In March, 1776. sovereignty was claimed and a government was established. Fort Moultrie (q.v.) was unsuccessfully attacked by the British June 28th. Several battles (among them Cam den, King's Mountain, Cowpens. and Eutaw Springs) were fought during the Revolution within the State. Famous leaders of irregular bands of patriots were Sumter and Marion. Charleston was captured by the British in 1780, and held until 1782. The State adopted the Federal Constitution Slay 23, 1788, Columbia was made the capital in 1790, and a new constitu tion was adopted which gave the Legislature practically all power. The differences between the sections began to be apparent. The eastern part of the State had the wealth and was strong ly Federalist. The western part had the popu lation and was strongly Anti-Federalist. In 1808 a compromise was effected which lasted until 1868. By its terms the Lower House of the Legislature was to consist of 124 members, 62 to represent population and 62 wealth. Each district was given as many Representatives as it had sixty-seconds of population and wealth. With the adoption of this compromise State politics practically ceased.
The State early became dissatisfied with the tariff policy of the general Govermnent, and as early as 1828 the 'South Carolina Exposition' was adopted by the Legislature. On the passage of the Clay Tariff Bill in 1832, a convention was called which declared, November 24th, that no duties should be collected after February 1, 1833. President Jackson was resolved to enforce the law, but an actual conflict was averted by a compromise. (See CALnottx, JOHN C. NULLI