LITERATURE. The principal writers on so cialism have been mentioned in the text, and their writings are mentioned in the articles dealing with them. The Communist Manifesto (London, 1848) is perbaps the most im portant single document in the history of socialism, and Marx, Das Ka-pital (3 vols., Hamburg, 1862, 180, 1894), is possibly the most important single work. The works of Rod bertus and Lassalle are important historically. Fabion Essays in Socialism (London, 1889) is the best work presenting the conservative, op portunist socialism. One of the Fabians. Sidney Webb, has written a work entitled Socialism in England (2d ed., London, 1893), which best de scribes the advances of English socialism, as seen by a Fabian. Kelly, Government or Human Evolution vol. i., on Justice, London. 1900; vol. ii., on Individualism and Collectivism, Lon don, 1901), gives the best presentation by an American author of socialism as a principle of action rather than as a system. Hyndman, Eco nomics of Socialism (London, 189(3), is regarded as one of the best explanations of the economics of the Marxist school. Laveleye, Socialism To
day (Eng. trans. London. 1885). gives a sym pathetic account of socialism by a progressive economist. Rae. Contemporary Socialism (new ed., London and New York, 1901), is a more critical account of socialism, and, like the preceding, has much historical material. Kirkup, History of Socialism (new ed., London, 1900), is a more recent work than Laveleye's, and perhaps even more sympathetic, going so far as to advocate a very conservative sort of socialism. Ely's Socialism and Social Reform (New York and London, 1S94) is an at tempt to analyze socialism carefully, to examine its strong and its weak features, and to pre sent, as opposed to socialism, a programme of social reform. It has a bibliography of sev eral hundred titles. The same author's French and German Socialism (New York, 1883) is a brief historical presentation of socialism in these two countries. Consult also Woolsey, Coin mu aism and Socialism, Their History and Theory (New York, ISSO).