MANUFACTURES. The manufacturing industries do not supply the home demand. Catalonia has always been the home of the greater part of Spanish manufactures. Next in order come those districts of Galicia. Asturias, and Vizcaya in which water power abounds and also a few towns in the interior, such as Madrid, Seville, and Toledo. Barcelona. in Catalonia, is the leading manufacturing town and the chief seat of the tex tile. metal, paper, and leather industries and lace making. The eotton industry, which is improv ing on the whole eastern coast, depends for its patterns upon France and England and does not satisfy the home demand. The silk industry of Valencia. INIureia. and Andalusia and the woolen industry of Barcelona. Alicante, and Burgos also fail to supply the local consumption. Cordova, once famous for its horse-hide leather (Cordovan leather), no longer leads in the leather industry. The manufacture of tobacco is carried on exten sively in the royal factories of Madrid. Valencia, Seville. and other towns, about 50.000 families being supported on the wages disbursed. Aleoy manufactures much cigarette paper, and paper making is steadily growing in importance. The metal industry is most flourishing in Catalonia and the northern provinces near the largest sources of iron. hut meets the domestic demand in no department. In the iron and steel indus
try, however, Spain is making every effort to supply the entire home demand. Large wire mills have been erected. and in 1903 the largest plant for the production of all classes of steel was completed at Badalona. Gold and silver wares are produced in large quantities in Madrid, Toledo, Seville. and Barcelona; and Gijon, Se ville, and Madrid are noted for their glass and porcelain. In the manufacture of cotton goods 2.614.500 spindles and 68.300 looms were em ployed in 1901; the woolen manufactures used 662.000 spindles and 8g00 looms; about 150 paper mills make printing. packing, writing. and cigar ette paper: 47 mills produce beet, and 22 cane sugar, the total output in 1901 having been 86.343 tons. Under Government encouragement the production of the sugar beet is growing. More than 30 factories make glaMs; about 33,000 tons of corks are manufactured every year; and there are over 60 mills for expressing olive oil. The pickling of green olives is an important branch of industry: in addition to the large home consumption, sonic 0000 to 7500 tons are annually exported. There are about 400 factories engaged in sardine-canning, with about 16,500 workmen.