SITS-YEN, shy617'yen'. A walled city of Shing king, Manchuria, on the right bank of the Ta yang river, which flows southward to the Yellow Sea at the port of Ta-ku-shan, distant 35'iniles (Map: China, F 3). It is famous for the finely grained marble found in the neighborhood, and its stone-cutting and polishing industry.
kVA, (Skt., kindly, The name of the third god of the Hindu or triad, in which he represents the principle of de struction. The name Siva, as that of a deity. is unknown in the Vedic hymns, but is established as such in the later Brahmanic literature, the epic poems, the Puranas (q.v.), and the Tantras (q.v.). Thus, in the Makilbhfirata (q.v.), Siva is already celebrated as the one all-containing god. and even in the Upanishads (q.v.) lie is identified with Rudra (q.v.). as the All-god. In origin Sira was probably an indigenous deity. adopted by the Aryans after their entrance into India. His symbol is the linga (q.v.). emblem atie of creation. which follows destruction. From each of his numerous attributes or char acteristics he derives a name or epithet. Ile has five heads (hence his name Paticrinana, the five faced) ; three eyes (hence his name Trindtra, the three-eyed). On his head he carries the Ganges. whose course he intercepted by his hair when this river descended from heaven. Round his neck lie carries a garland of human skulls, and bears a rosary (afterwards adopted by the Buddhists). In his hands he holds a trident, a club or pole. armed at the upper end with trans verse pieces, representing the breastbone and ribs adjoining, and surmounted by a skull and one or two human heads. His weapons are a bow•. a thunderbolt, and an axe. As the destroyer of the world he is also called Kale (time or death), and represented as of black color. One of his
representations is also half male and half female, emblematic of the indissoluble unity of the creative principle (hence his name .1rdhali8rt)41, half-female lord). He is clothed in a deer-skin, m• holds a deer in one of his hands, or he may be represented as sitting on or clothed in a tiger skin. His sacred animal is the bull Nandi; his home is on Mt. Kailasa in the Himalayas. and his principal wife is Durga, or Uma (q.v.) ; his sons are Ganega (q.v.) and Kartikeya (q.v.).
Siva is the god of asceticism, but also of all arts, especially, of dancing. Later tradition tells innumerable tales about him. In the earlier ac counts he is represented as killing or maltreat ing the Vedic gods, and especially as destroying Daksha. symbolic of the older Vedic rites, an in timation of the overthrow of the orthodox re ligion by the more popular cult of Siva. As a symbol of asceticism he is represented as destroy ing Kama, the god of love. Though Siva has no incarnations, except in Southern India, where some are said to be known, he is identified with various local gods, especially Bhairava and Vit. thoba. He has L000 names, but is generally called Lord, or Great Lord, .1aliegvara, or an kara, Beneficent, or Pathipati, Kine-lord, Shep herd, or simply Mahadeva, great. god. The cult of Siva has much in common with Buddhism, and in the art of e.800 A.D. the two are confused. To-day the Siva cult in its various forms (see SAJvAs) is the most universal in See SIVA in Plate of HINDU DEITIES, under INDIA.