The strategic events of a campaign will usually take place in the following order: Preparation, mobilization, strategic deploy ment, plan of operations, and the military opera tions themselves.
The operations may be strategically offensive or strategically defensive, or finally alternately offensive and defensive. The strategical offensive may be combined with the tactical offensive or the tactical defensive ; and the strategical de fensive may also be combined with either tacti cal form. All strategists and tacticians unite in giving the preference to the strategical and tacti cal offensive combined, but circumstances may force one of the other combinations on an army, at least for a time. or perhaps only in a particu lar part of the theatre. In that case, however, the offensive !mist be taken up at the earliest opportunity, if decisive results are desired.
The great principles of strategy apply to naval warfare as well as to wars on land. but certain modifications result from the fact that the lines of communication in the case of a fleet are less clearly marked, and bases and coaling and repair stations which are absolutely essential to suc cess in naval warfare can be improvised and, if need be, changed. Again, combined naval and
land operations, the transition from the purely naval contest to extended operations on land, involve some new principles not set forth here: the control of the sea by the attacker's fleet is one of the first conditions for the success of such combined operations.
BinuotatxritY. Von der Colts, Kriegfiihrung (Berlin, 1895) ; English translation, The Con duct of War (Kansas City, 1901) ; Hohenlohe, Letters on Strategy ( London, 1898) ; Gunther, Herr/cc-sett and Kriegfiihrung in unscrer Zcit (Berlin, 1902) ; Loringhoven, Studien iibcr Kriegfiihrung 1901-03) ; Napoleon, Con n furies (Paris, 1867 ) ; Nail lard, Mei/lents de kt guerrc(ib., 1891) ; Bigelow, Principles of Strat egy 1894) ; Reim, Kriegslehre Kriegfiihrang (Berlin, 1889) ; Derr6eagaix, La guerre modernc (l'aris, 1885) ; Gizyeki, Stratcgisch-taktisclic An fgaben (Leipzig, 1897) ; Pierron, Les methodes dc guerres actu elks et errs la fin du X1Xhnc sif'cic (Paris, 1903) ; Frobenius, Kriegsgeschichtliche Iicispicle des Jest ungskriegcs (Berlin, 1903). See TAcrics, NILITARY ; TACTICS, NAVAL; BATTLE; WAR.