STUTTGART, stnt'gart. The capital of the Kingdom of \ldiirttemberg„ Germany, situated at an elevation of 890 feet, about 2 miles south of the Neckar, and 45 miles north of Tubingen (Map: Germany, C 4). Stuttgart occupies a delightful site surrounded by attractive suburbs and amid lovely vine-clad heights. The pro nounced adherence of its many fine architects to the Renaissance types explains the stately appearance of the city.
The spacious Konigstrasse extends diagonally from southwest to northeast through the old or inner city and borders the majestic Schloss platz—the centre of interest. Here rises the impressive King William column (93 feet) em bellished with allegorical figures. Here too are the splendid Kilnig,sbau, the palace of the Crown Prince, the Residenz-Sehloss (palace), the royal theatre, and the royal stables. The fine statue of Schiller by Thorwaldsen, erected in 1839 by national subscription, is near by. Ad jacent also is the striking Gothic Stiftskirche, begun in 1436. Southeast of the Old Palace is the palace of King William II., where the fine modern Neckarstrasse begins its course north eastward. In the immediate vicinity are housed the Wiirttemberg archives and also the extensive and valuable natural history collections of Stutt gart. The royal public library near at hand con tains upward of 500.000 volumes, 4000 manu scripts, and many specimens of early printing. The library building holds also the museum of Wurttemberg antiquities. among which may be seen ceramics. weapons. and articles taken from ancient tumuli and lake dwellings. In the rear of the library is the large modern Palace of Justice. Between the library and the Residenz Schloss stands a spacious and famous academy —the Karlsschule. Extending northeast from this vicinity and along the Neckarstrasse is the beautiful Sehlossgarten. It embraces 200 acres, is 2 miles long, and is embellished with ponds, flower designs, and sculptures. Here are
found the botanic garden, the mint, and the notable Stuttgart museum of art with its eol leetions of sculpture and painting. 1m the north west section of the city stands the Polytechnic Institute (over 1000 pupils) building facing the delightful Stadtgarten—one of the popular re sorts. In the eastern part of Stuttgart is the immense new Liederhalle. In the vicinity of the Schlossplatz is found the modern Renais sance edifice of the Landesgewerbe Museum.
Among the prominent new buildings in Stutt gart are the Queen Olga buildings, the new Town Ilall, the Catholic Church of Saint Nicho las, and the Peace Church. The 1Thlandshohe and the Jilgerhaus may be especially noted among the delightful resorts in the environs. as well as the royal country seat Wilhelma—a fine Moorish structure begun in 1842. Stuttgart has an art academy, the Wiirttemberg Art Union with a permanent exposition of modern masters, an architectural school, an exposition of export products, the provincial industrial museum, a famous conservatory of music, an in dustrial and commercial library, and a chemical laboratory. It is the leading print ing and book-publishing city of Southern Ger many. Among its prominent manufactures are furniture, carriages, pianos, paper, leather, chemicals, colors, jewelry, bells, cigars, portman teaus, chocolate, and especially cottons. Hops, cloth, and horses form special items in the trade. The city—the seat of all the important adminis trative offices of the kingdom—is under the gen eral supervision of the royal Government. There are an over-burgomaster, two advisers, and a council of some 24 members. The population, in 1900, was 176,699, mainly Protestants.