STYRIA, stir'i-S (Ger. Steiermark). A duchy and crownland of Austria, bounded by Lower and Upper Austria on the north, Hun gary on the east, Carniola and Carinthia on the south, and Carinthia and Salzburg on the west (Map: Austria, D :3). Its area is 8670 square miles. Styria is very mountainous. Its north ern part belongs to the region of the central Alps, of which Styria takes in the Niedere Tan ern, Rottemnanner Tauern, Dachstein, Totes Gebirge, and the Erzberg. the last named famous for its abundance of iron. The southern part is occupied by the Styrian Alps. The plains are generally small, but there are a large number of fruitful valleys along the Enns, and other rivers. Styria is watered chiefly by the Enns, Mur, Drave, and Save. There are many moun tain lakes and mineral springs. Styria has a large proportion of productive land; the for ests cover nearly one-half of the surface. Wheat, rye, corn, oats, and barley are the prin cipal cereals. flay is grown in large quan tities, and cattle-raising is very important. espe cially in Upper Styria. Grapes and fruits are cultivated to a lesser extent. In mineral produc tion Styria is one of the most important crown lands of Austria. In the output of lignite it ranks next to Bohemia, while in regard to iron it. occupies the first place, supplying about 60
per cent. of the total output of Austria. It has also lead, zinc, sulphur, graphite, salt, and a great variety of useful earths and stones. The value of the mineral output of 1899 was about $5,000.000. The manufacturing industries are chiefly connected with the mineral products. There are large mills for the production of rails, sheet iron, wire, and smaller iron and steel arti cles. There are also several extensive machine shops. glass-works, distilleries, breweries, tobacco factories, and paper mills. The principal domestic exports are fruits, timber, cattle, and metal prod ucts. The Diet of Styria is composed of GO mem bers, of whom 12 represent the landed aristocracy, 19 the towns and industrial centres, 23 the rural communities, and 6 the chambers of com merce and trades of Gratz and Leohen. In the Lower House of Austria Styria is represented by 27 delegates. In 1898 Styria had 903 public schools, attended by 182,000 children, or 95 per cent. of the total school population. The popu lation was 1.282,708 in 1890, and 1,356,058 in 1900. About 68 per cent. are Germans and the remainder Slovenians. The population is Roman Catholic. Capital. Gratz (q.v.).