SUVAROFF, su-vit'r6f, or SUVOROFF, \ LENEI VASSILIEN11(111, Count ( 1721)-1800 ) . A Russian field-marshal. 11c was of Swedish de scent and was born in Finland. 11e served in the campaigns of the Seger Years' War and was made a colonel alter the battle of Nunersdorf (1759). his services in the Polish War (1768 72), in the war against the Turks (1773-74), in suppressing the uprising of Fugateheff, and in subduing the Tatars of the Kuban (1783), gave him increased reputation and he rose to the rank•of general. In the Turkish War of 1787-92 he was commander-in-chief, for the first time brought the bayonet prominently into use in the Russian army, and decided by it the battle of Kinburn (1787). At the siege of Otchal«w (1788), the battle of Fokshany (1789), which he gained in conjunction with the Austrians, and the decisive victory of Ilyinnik (1789), his sys tem of rapid and repeated attack by overwhelm ing numbers secured him complete success. For this last victory, which saved the Austrians under the Prince of Saxe-Coburg from annihila tion or capture, Suvaroff was created by the Emperor Joseph II. a count of the Empire, and from his own sovereign received the title of Count SuvaroffRyninikski. One of his greatest successes was the storming, in 1790, of the for tress of Ismail, where the whole Turkish garrison was put to the sword. Ile was appointed (1791) Governor of the newly conquered provinces. In 1794 he was sent into Poland. where he completed the annihilation of the Polish monarchy by a victory won, in conjunction with Terser, over the army of Koseiuszko, the capture of ['raga, where a horrible massacre of the inhabi tants took place, and the occupation of Warsaw. The grade of field-marshal rewarded
these successes. Under Paul I. he fell into dis grace (1798), from his impatience of the Em peror's fantastic military regulations, and was deprived of his rank; but being restored through English influence. he commanded the army sent to cooperate with the Austrians in Italy against the French. He reached Verona in April, 1799; compelled Moreau to retire behind the Adda after defeating him at Cassano (April 27th) ; entered Milan (April 29th) ; again defeated the French under Macdonald at the Trebbia (June 17th-19th), and a third time under Joubert at Novi (August 15th), driving them out of the whole of Northern Italy. lie next entered Switzerland in order to join Korsa koff and effected a toilsome march across the Saint Gotthard, in the course of which he lost one-third of his army. But Massi'ma defeated the army of Korsakoff at Zurich (September 25th), and Suvaroff was compelled to execute a retreat through the Grisons and Vorarlberg. For these remarkable services he received the title of Prince Italiski. In 1800 he was named com mander-in-chief of the Russian armies and or dered home. He arrived in the capital, where he died May 18, 1300. He left an autobiography in French, which was edited by Glinka (Mos cow, 1819). Consult also: Smith, Suworows Ube'? and Ileerziigc (Vilna, 1833-34); id., Su h orow and l'olens Untergaag (Leipzig, 1858) ; Reding-Biberegg. Dcr Zug Sairomws darelt die Schweiz (Zurich, l869) : Macready, A Sketch of Nnwarrow and ills Last Campaign (London, 1851).