TENIERS, DAVID, the Younger (1610-00). The principal genre painter of the Flemish school, born at Antwerp, son and pupil of the preceding. Before he was twenty his work bore the stamp of maturity, and in 1633 he entered the guild as master. His early manner and choice of subjects is represented by such ex amples as "The l'rodigal Son" (Pinakothek, Munich). "The Five Senses" (Brussels Museum), "A Merry Repast" (Berlin Museum), and "The misers" (1634, National Gallery, London). The delineations from peasant life, which henceforth constituted the keynote of his productions, showed the influence of Adrian Brouwer. Of more than 100 such pictures which Teniers painted, some of the most characteristic are: the "Interior of Village Inn." "Flemish Tap-Room" (1643) "Peasants' Dance" (1645) ; "The Smok ers" (1650. all in the Pinakothek, Munich) ; "Hour of Rest" (Amsterdam), "Smoking Club" (Dresden). and "Backgammon Players" (1641, Berlin). Bronwer's spirit also prevails in sub jects like "The Dentist" and "The Barber Shop" (both in Cassel), "The Village Doctor" (Brus sels). and "The Bagpipe-Player" (Buckingham Palace. London) ; also in various treatments of "The Alchemist" (The Hague and Dresden), and of the "Temptation of Saint Anthony" (Brussels, Dresden, and—dated 1647—Berlin).
In 1637 Teniers married Anna Breughel, the daughter of Jan Breughel and ward of Rubens, who was one of the marriage witnesses. Soon after the death of Brouwer in ]63S the influence of Rubens became apparent in Teniers's coloring, which changed from a general brownish tint to a warm golden tone with rich and luminous local colors, and in the dramatic life animating his large compositions, extremely rich in figures. This phase is well exemplified by a "Peasants' Dance"(1640, Berlin), and the "Flem ish Kirmess" (1641, Dresden, Vienna, Madrid, 1652, Brussels and Amsterdam). Especially re markable for the number of figures is "The Great Fair in Florence" (Munich), and interesting por trait groups are represented in "The Artist and His Family" (c.1645. Berlin), and "Teniers in Front of His Castle Near Perck" (National Gal lery, London). In 1642 he was commissioned to paint for Saint George's Guild an "Archers' Fes tival" (now in the liermitage, Saint Petersburg), containing 45 characteristic portrait figures. A
few scenes from military life are depicted in the splendid "Guard Room" (1641, Amsterdam), "Robbers Plundering a Village" (1648. Vienna), and "Relief of Valenciennes by the Spaniards" (Antwerp). Among several biblical episodes, the most attractive is "Abraham's Sacrifice" (1653, Vienna).
After Teniers had, about 1643, become lord of the manor of Dry Toren (Three Towers), near Brussels. he seems to have been more than ever absorbed in rural life and work; witness such pro ductions of his brush as "The Sausage-linker." "Cow-Stable," and "Goat-House" (all in Vienna), the last two especially noteworthy for their fine chiaroscuro. In 1650 the artist was appointed Court painter to Archduke Leopold William. and removed to Brussels, where he superintended that art-loving Prince's picture gallery and de picted notable events in his life and that of his consort, Isabella. The most interesting of these pictures is "The Shooting Match at Brussels, 1652" (Vienna), containing more than 470 fig ures. As director of the gallery he painted a series of interiors, faithfully representing its contents to the minutest detail. Of these there are four in Munich, and one each in Vienna (1656), \Madrid• and Brussels (1657), the last being characteristic of the delicate silvery tone which prevailed in the painter's coloring for about a decade from 1650 on. Among the works of his later period are rural scenes and land scapes, besides his inimitable parodistic monkey pictures, notably "Monkeys in a Tavern Smok ing." "Repast in the Kitchen," and "Monkey Con cert." all in the Pinakothek, Munich. Unique among his works is the "Sacrament of the Miracle of Saint Gudule" (Berlin), painted on white marble, the grain of which is visible through the colors. The Metropolitan Museum. New York, possesses a "Marriage Festival" and a "Temptation of Saint Anthony." Teniers loft about 800 paintings, which in searching observation of nature, wondrous har mony of color, and their whole artistic combi nation entitle their author to undisputed su premacy in his sphere. Consult: Rosenberg, Teniers der •liinqere (Leipzig, 1895) : Wurzbach, in Dohme, Kunst and Kiinstler, i. (ib,, 1S77).