MANUFACTURES. Manufacturing was quite un important until after 1880. Between that year and 1890 the value of products increased 239.9 per cent., and in the following deeade 69.5 per cent.; in 1900 the product was estimated at 019,414.982. In the latter year there were 48, 152 persons employed as wage-earners, or 1,6 per cent. of the total population. The industry has the advantage of a very abundant supply of raw materials, the State ranking first in the pro duction of cotton, and having large timber re sources and a heavy production of grain. The recent increase iu the output of coal also greatly subserves the industry. Texan manufactures dependent upon resources of cotton are peculiar Noma and the Indian Territory as \yell as from the large local production. The extensive rail road interests of the State have necessitated a large number of repair shops, employing 2354 wage-earners. The manufacture of saddlery and harness is a thriving industry centred largely in the city of Dallas. Printing and the manufacture of malt liquors and of clay products are other leading industries. Manufacturing is well dis tributed over that State and there are no promi nent centres, the only cities in which time value of products exceeds $10,000,000 being Dallas and Houston. The following table shows the relative
importance of the leading industries in the census years indicated: in that they do not include textiles, a branch of the industry which has become prominent in some other Southern States. In the manufacture of cottonseed oil and cake, on the other hand, the State ranks first. The value of products for the latter industry increased 329.3 per cent. between 1890 and 1900. During the last census year there were 24,354,695 gallons of cottonseed oil ob tained, or 26.1 per cent. of the total for the United States for that period. Cottonseed meal and cake are extensively used as food for cattle. In the allied industry of cotton-ginning the State also ranks first. The figures given in the table below do not include ginneries operated in con nection with saw, grist, and cottonseed-oil mills, or for the use exclusively of plantations on which they are located. The Texas ginneries first in troduced the custom of pressing the cotton after ginning into the so-called 'round bales.' and this process is becoming very general. The manu facture of flouring and grist mill products is a growing industry, drawing its supply from Okla