TEL'EPHUS (Lat., from Gk. T7)XecpoIL In Greek legend, a king of Tenthrania, in Southern Mysia. Auge, the daughter of King Aleos of Tegea, was loved by Hercules and bore him a son, Telephus. In anger her father inclosed mother and child in a chest and cast them into the sea. The chest floated across the iEgean to the mouth of the Caeus, where Teuthras married Auge and brought up Telephus, who succeeded him on the throne.. This early version was modified by the tragedians. Auge became priestess of Athena, and the child was born, or at any rate exposed, on Mount Parthenion, where it was suckled by a doe, and (in one version) found by Hercules. Auge meanwhile was cast into the sea and brought to Mysia, where she was adopted by Teuthras. Later, Telephus came to Mysia on account of an oracle, helped Teuthras against powerful enemies, and was rewarded by the hand of Auge. On the marriage night mother and son recognized each other. When the Greeks were on their way to Troy, they landed by mistake in the territory of Telephus and harried the coun try. Telephus defeated the invaders, but was himself wounded by Achilles. As an oracle in formed him that only he who had wounded him could cure, he went to Greece, and as the Greeks needed his guidance to reach Troy, they yielded and Achilles healed the wound with rust from his spear. Telephus then guided the Greeks to Troy, set to work to produce such an instrument. His telescope, similar in form to the modern opera glass (q.v.) and composed of a convex object glass and a concave eyepiece, as first constructed had a magnifying power of 3 times, but this was sub sequently increased to 30 times, and Galileo was able to discover the satellites of Jupiter, the mountains of the moon, and other celestial objects. To Kepler we owe the discovery of
the principle of the astronomical telescope with two convex lenses, and the description of such an instrument is contained in his Cutoptries (1611). This idea was actually employed in a telescope constructed by Father Scheiner (Rosa Ursine, 1630), and such telescopes were used in increasing numbers until the middle of the sev enteenth century, when they were practically universal, and improved construction made pos sible Huygens's discovery of Titan, the brightest satellite of Saturn.
In order to appreciate the development of the telescope it may be worth while to consider some of the fundamental principles on which its action is based. A convex lens will give an image of a but refused to take part in the war, since his wife, Astyoche, was a daughter (or sister) of Priam. The whole story of Telephus was repre sented on the smaller frieze of the Great Altar of Pergamon, and his battle with Achilles in the west pediment of the Temple of Athena Alea at Tegea. Consult: Pilling, Quomodo Telephi fabit lam et seriptores et artifices veteres traetaverint (Halle, 18S6) ; Jahn, Telephus and Troilos (Kiel, 1841) • id., Telephus and Troilos and rein Ende (ib., 1859).