TICON'DERO'GA. A village in Essex County, N. Y., 100 miles north by east of Al bany: on the stream which conveys the waters of Lake George into Lake Champlain, and on the Delaware and Hudson and other railroads ()\lap: New York, G 2). It is rich in reminiscences of the Colonial and Revolutionary periods. The vicinity is noted for its extensive production of crystalline graphite, furnishing the greater part of the total output of the United States. The water power afforded by the falls is utilized by several industrial establishments. Paper, wood pulp, and lumber products constitute the leading manufactures. Population, in 1890, 2267; in 1000, 1911.
In 1755 the French, recognizing the strategic value of the promontory. built a fort here and called it Fort Carillon (chime of bells), in allu sion to the pleasing sound of the waterfalls near by. Several years later the present name was adopted. In 1757 Montealm assembled here a force of 9000 men, with which he took Fort William Henry, on Lake George. On July 8, 1758, General Abercrombie, with 15.000 men, stormed Fort Carillon, but was repulsed with a loss of 2000, Viscount George A. Howe being among the
killed. In 1759 General Amherst with a force of 12,000 men invested it, and the French, being too weak to withstand an attack, dismantled and abandoned both this fort and Crown Point, which were then enlarged and strengthened by the Eng lish. Being weakly garrisoned after the cession of Canada to Great Britain, Ticonderoga, was surprised and captured on May 10, 1775, by Ethan Allen. On June 30, 1777. Burgoyne in vested it, and on July 5, by placing a battery on Mount Defiance, a higher point, then called Sugar Loaf Bill, he forced the garrison to evacuate the place. Later in the year General Lincoln attacked the British here and cap tured Mount Defiance, releasing 100 Ameri can prisoners and taking 293 of the English, but he failed to recover the fort itself. After Burgoyne surrendered at Sara toga, the English garrison was removed and the fort dismantled, though in 1780 another English force under General Haldimand was stationed here for a time. After the war the fort gradually fell in ruins.