TISCHBEIN, DA/bin. A German family of artists who lived in Hesse during the eighteenth century. JOHANN limxincu, the Elder (1722-89), a painter, born at Hains, was first a pupil of the Court painter Freese, in Cassel, and then studied under Van Loo, Boucher, and Watteau at Paris. In 1748 he entered the studio of Piaz zetta in Venice. Returning to Cassel in 1751, he became Court painter to the Landgrave and director of the New Academy (1776). His histori cal pictures and portraits were weak, but there were few better among the best works of the time in Germany. Examples are: Messing" (c.1760, Berlin). "Count Waldner von Freundstein" (1761, Versailles), "Augustus and Cleopatra" (1769, Cassel), and "Belisarius" (1786, Olden burg).—JOHANN FRIEDRICII AUGUST ( .18'12 ) , also a painter, nephew of the preceding, was born in Maestricht. De studied with his uncle and in Paris and Italy. Afterwards he be came Court painter in Waldeck and then director of the Leipzig Academy (1800). His canvases include nine portraits of princes and princesses of Orange-Nassau (Amsterdam), and a portrait of Schiller (1804; IIEDancrt \\'ILIIELM, the Elder (1751-1829). a painter and
etcher, also known as the Neapolitan," cousin of the preceding, the most celebrated of the family, was born at Haina. He studied with his uncle, Johann Heinrich, and in Hamburg. Bremen, and Holland. Through the aid of Goethe he went to Italy, and accompanied the poet to Naples in 1787. There he was patronized by Sir William Hamilton and served as director of the Academy (1789-99). In 1809 he was made Court painter to the Duke of Oldenburg. At Eutin he painted the 43 "Idyls" (Oldenburg) which Goethe cele brated in verse. Among his paintings are a por trait of Goethe ( Frankfort) ; "Conradin of Swabia Hearing His Sentence" (1784) ; "An Italian Land scape" (1819, Oldenburg) ; and a portrait of himself (Hanover). Tischbein issued about 150 etchings and engravings in connection with vari ous publications. Consult Michel, Etude bio grapleique sur les Tischbeins (Lyons, 1581).