TOD'MORDEN, locally A mar ket-town in Lancashire, England• on the border of Yorkshire, 6 miles north-northeast of Roch dale (Map: England, D 3). Cotton manufac tures form the staple industry; coal abounds in the neighborhood, and there are foundries and machine works. It owns gas and water-works, maintains a public library, and supports techni cal instruction. Population, in 1901, 25,420.
TODY (from Lat. todus, sort of small bird). Any of several species of small West Indian birds forming the family Todidn, and related to the kingfishers, bee-eaters. and motmots (qq.v.). They are less than three inches long with a short tail and long bill. The plumage is very gor geous, grass-green, carmine-red, and white. They breed in holes in banks and lay white eggs. The best known species is the common green tody (Todus viridis) of Jamaica, which is a familiar and useful little bird, often called 'robin red breast' by the English residents. The name `tody' is incorrectly applied to rollers, barbets, and other brilliantly colored tropical birds, even in the East Indies. See Plate of WRENS, WARBLERS, ETC.
TOGA (Lat., mantle). The principal outer garment of the Roman citizen. worn over a shirt (tunica). For ordinary citizens the toga was pure white in color (toga ririlis, toga boys, and most of the magistrates, wore togas with an attached border of crimson (toga pra. terta.). On certain occasions of especial fes tivity magistrates appeared in a toga entirely of crimson embroidered with gold (toga pieta).
worn over a tunica of similar character (tuniea palmata). Candidates for public office presented themselves in togas freshly laundered and arti ficially whitened (eandida, shining). On the other hand, persons in mourning for any reason wore carelessly arranged and soiled togas (sor dida), or even those of an artificially darkened color (pulla). The material of the toga was
wool, closely woven, and fulled, with a combed nap, making it (at least in late Republican and early imperial days) cumbrous, expensive, and (except in winter) too heavy a garment. The shape of the toga• like its size, the elaboration of its folds, and the way it was worn, differed at different periods. It was less voluminous in earlier days. By the beginning of the Empire it must have been fully twice as long as the wearer was tall, and of an elliptical shape. It was folded lengthwise and over the left shoulder (with the fold toward the neck) so that the end rested a few- inches upon the floor in front. The rest of the garment was passed around the back, under the right arm, and thrown backward over the left shoulder, so that the end hung down behind. but cleared the ground. The folds were most carefully and sys tematically arranged (in later days, more or less, pins or clasps were used), and the end that de pended in front was pulled up to clear the floor, and the slack (nodus, imam) allowed to hang down over the mass of folds (sinus) that crossed the front of the body toward the left shoulder. The right arm was thus left free, and the left for the most part covered. The toga was not usually worn at home, the tunics being regarded as sufficient; and for out-of-door wear it gave place under the Empire, except on formal occa sions, to lighter and more convenient garments, chiefly of foreign origin. See COSTUME.