TUS'CARO'RA. An important Southern tribe of Iroquoian stock (q.v.). When first known about the year 1670 they resided along the Neuse River in eastern North Carolina, where in 1700 they occupied fifteen villages with an estimated popu lation of 1200 warriors or about 6000 souls, and held paramount influence over all the smaller tribes of that section. They were hostile to most of the leading Southern tribes, hut maintained a close friendship with the Northern Iroquois (q.v.), whom they knew as traditional kinsmen. In consequence of encroachments upon their lands, they rose against the whites in September, 1711. A war of two years ensued, in which both Carolina provinces joined forces, together with a great body of Indian allies, against them. Finally defeated, the Tuscarora abandoned their country and fled north to the Iroquois, who re ceived them as the sixth tribe of their confeder acy, henceforth known as the 'Six Nations.' A
part of the tribe which had remained friendly during the struggle was settled upon a small reservation on the Lower Roanoke River in North Carolina. Here they lingered for a time, until, weary of the attacks of hostile tribes and the ennstant enema chimmts of the whites, they also gradually withdrew to the north. Like the other tribes of the Iroquois confederacy, they were divided in the Revolutionary \Var, a part joining the English, while the rest adhered to the American side, with the result that they are now about equally divided between New York and Canada. Those in the United Stater number about 370 on a small reservation near Niagara Falls, and are civilized and fairly prosperous farmers, near ly all Christianized, although retaining their own language and chief system. About as many more are with the other Iroquois on Grand River Reser vation, Ontario.