TUSKEGEE (tfis-IWgir) NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE. An institution for the training of young colored men and women at Tuskegee. Ala., established in 1881 by an act of the Legislature under the name of the Tuske gee State Normal School, with an appropriation of $2000. It was opened duly 4, 1881. 'In 1883 the appropriation was increased to $3000 and in 1893 the institution was incorporated under its present name. In 1903 the attendance had grown to 1497, while nearly the same number of appli cants were refused for lack of acernmoodations. At the same time 112 instructors were engaged in the various_ departments. The library con tained 13,000 volumes. The endowment was $1,010,000, including a gift of $600,000 from Mr. Andrew Carnegie, and the total value of the school property, including 62 buildings, land and plant worth $625,000, was $1,635,000. The property immediately belonging to the school consisted, in addition to the buildings, of 2631 acres of land, 1100 head of live stock, and more than 60 vehicles of various kinds.
The object of the institute is to furnish its students, thorough moral, literary, and industrial training, an education fitting them to become the real leaders among the people of their race, and thus to bring about healthier moral and ma terial conditions. The institute also aims, through the Phelps Hall Bible Training School, to tit young men and women for the ministry and other forms of Christian work. Its constant purpose is so to correlate the literary and indus trial training that the students may not get the one without the other. Students are admitted on passing an examination in reading, writing, and the fundamental operations of arithmetic. In struction is given in two sessions. The day school is intended for students able to pay all or the greater part of their expenses in cash. They at tend school in the daytime four days each week, and are require-el to work only six days a month. The night school is designed for students too poor to pay even the small charge made in the day school. Tuition is free. The monthly charge for hoard and living expenses is $8, of which day-school students may work out from $1.50 to $3 a month, while pupils of the night
school are allowed to work out at least all of their board for the first six months. In all cases the labor of the students must. he satisfactory in order to be accepted as part payment, and no student is paid more than $12 per month in ex cess of his board, while no part of the wages is paid in cash.
The discipline is strict, particularly in ques tions of morals. The studies of the academic department are closely associated with practical work in the field and shops. The department of mechanical industries includes mainly indus tries for young men. instruction and practice are given in architectural and mechanical draw ing, steam and electrical engineering, blacksmith ing, brickmaking, carpentry, canning, founding. harness-making, carriage-trimming, machinery, painting, printing, saw-milling, shoemaking, tinsmithing, tailoring, and wheelwrighting. The industries for girls include sewing, dressmaking, millinery, cooking, laundering, domestic service, mattress-making, basketry, and nursing. So far as possible the product of the students' work is used in the institute and the surplus is sold. Each department is provided with a good equip ment for practical work. The printing office. supplied with all needful apparatus, furnishes all the printed matter of the school, and issues a weekly and a monthly newspaper for the insti tution, beside three others for outside. Many of the school buildings, including the new Car negie Library, are the product of student labor. In the agricultural department young men are trained to become intelligent and successful farm ers by theoretical instruction in scientific prin ciples, and their application in the field, orchard, dairy, and truck garden. To some of the agri cultural courses women are admitted. Extension work is carried on through the Tuskegee Annual Conference, for the benefit of farmers of the South, and through the Russell Plantation work, under the direction of Mr. Booker T. Washington (q.v.), who has been the principal of the insti tute since its foundation.