UL'PIAN (DOmITILTS 1.'LPIANus). A dis tinguished Roman jurist, a citizen of Tyre, who lived in the latter part of the second and the first part of the third century. Under Septimins Severus (A.D. 193-211) he became assessor in the auditorium oAPapinian (q.v.), i.e. he was an as sociate just. when Papinian was praetorian prefect or Chief Justice of the Empire. Under Caracalla, who put. Papinian to death, Ulpian retained his position : but Elagabalus stripped him of his dignities and exiled him from Rome. On the accession (A.D. 222) of the youthful Alex ander Severus, to whose mother he was related, Ulpian was recalled, appointed guardian of the Emperor and pnetorian prefect, and became the virtual Regent of the Empire. De was slain in n.c. 22S in a rising of the Praetorian Guard. Ulpian was one of the most prolific of the Roman legal writers. Besides voluminous com mentaries on the civil law and on the pralorian edict, lie published collections of eases ('opinions,' responses,' etc.), books of 'rules'
and 'institutions,' treatises on the powers and duties of different magistrates, and many mono graphs. On account of the lucidity of his style, Justinian's compilers drew more largely upon his writings than upon those of any other jurist. Excerpts from his works constitute one-third of the Digest. Outside of Justinian's Digest, only one of Ulpian's books has been even partially preserved, viz. his monograph on rules (Libor Singularis Regularam), which appears to have been a hand-book for praetitioners. It is fre quently printed with the Institutes of Gains, as in Muirhead's edition (Edinburgh, 1880), and in that of Abdy and Walker (3d ed., Cambridge, Eng.. 1885). See CIVIL LAW; JITRi5CONSULT.