UPSALA, up-sala. The capital of the Lan of Upsala, Sweden, on both banks of the navi gable Fyris, in a fertile and historic plain, 41 miles by rail north-northwest of Stockholm (Map: Sweden, G 7). The ancient city is best known now for its university. (See UPSALA, UNI VERSITY OF.) The new town lies on a level on the left bank of the river; the old portion ascends the hills on the west shore. The fine French Gothic cathedral dates from 1260 and was com pletely restored between 1886 and 1893. The in terior contains the splendid burial chapel of Gus tavus Vasa. The cathedral also contains a monument to Linnaeus, who lived in Upsala.
Among the university buildings in the vicinity of the cathedral are the ancient Gustavianum, the Carolina Rediviva (1841), and the handsome new Renaissance structure completed in 1886. The valuable university library is celebrated for the Codex Argenteus of Ulfilas (q.v.). The bo tanic garden is very fine. The half-finished historic castle—the Slott—on the hill to the south of the town was built by Gustavus Vasa in 1548, and is now used for the provincial ar chives. Southeast and stretching along the Fyris is the Strhmparterre—a pleasure park called by the students the 'hole of a beehive.' Upsala
has an interesting cemetery. South of the city is the noteworthy Ultuna Agricultural Insti tute. Several miles farther south is the splendid Chateau of Skokloster. Its origin is due to Marshal Wrangel, who housed here his rich col lections accumulated in Germany in the Thirty Years' War. Northeast of Upsala lies the nota ble village of Gamla Upsala, the capital of the ancient pagan kings, who worshiped here in a celebrated temple. Adjacent are tumuli (about 60 feet high) which were connected with the pa gan rites. In the vicinity is the Tingshiig—a hill (32 feet high) from which the ancient rulers spoke to the people.
Upsala has an excellent school system, com prising both normal and high schools, a fine hos pital, an insane asylum, a royal society of sci ence, a medical association, and an organization for the study of the humanities. The Museum of Northern Antiquities is in the garden of Linnaeus. Upsala was formerly an important commercial centre. The trade and manufactures are now un important, the town owing its prosperity mainly to the university. Population, in 1901, 23,802.