URBAN IV., Pope 1261-64, Jacques Pantaldon. He was the son of a shoemaker of Troyes, and rose by his talents and virtues to high positions in the Church, becoming titular Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1255. He was elected Pope at Viterbo, and spent the whole of his pontificate there and at Orvieto, being excluded from Rome by the power of Manfred, natural son of the Em peror Frederick 11., against whom lie incited Charles of Anjou to take up arms. lie preserved a strict neutrality between the rival candidates for the Empire, and in the difficulties between Henry Ill. of England and his barons took the side of the King. The nomination of numerous French cardinals led to the preponderance of that party, and so ultimately to the great schism. Consult.: Dorez and Guiraud, Les registrrs d'Urboin IV. (Paris, 1892), and a biography by Georges (ib., 1865).—URBAN V., Pope 1362-70, Guillaume de Grimoard. The
cardinals could not agree upon one of their own number, and therefore elected him, then Abbot of Saint Victor at Marseilles. This was at the time of the Papal residence at Avignon, whence Urban III. sent a legate to reduce his rebellious subjects in Rome. In 1367, however, he resolved to return thither in person. Finding the Papal city in a condition all but ruinous, and having endeavored with little success to repress the disorder of the times, he returned to Avi gnon in 1370. Here he died less than a month after his return, leaving the reputation of great personal piety and zeal for the interests of re ligion. Consult: Magnan, Histoire d'Urbain 1'. (2d ed., Paris, 1863) Kirsch, Die Ruekkehr der Pupste Urban, V. nod Gregor XI. von Avignon nach Roan (Paderborn, 1898).