VALLADOLID, The capital of the Province of Valladolid, Spain, 102 miles northwest of Madrid, on the left hank of the Pi suerga River (Slap: Spain, C 2). The plain bordering this river is well irrigated and very fertile. The climate is genial, because of the moderate elevation, pure air, and generally cloudless sky. The city was long the capital of Castile and Leon, and later of all Spain, and contains many marks of its former greatness. The Campo Grande is larger than the Plaza Ma yor at Madrid. Upon the Plaza del C'ampanillo, now a modern market, fronts the house once oc cupied by Cervantes. Near the Church of the Magdalen, on a street named after the great dis coverer, stands the house in which Columbus died. From the side of the Plaza de Po•tugalete rises the cathedral, a Renaissance structure begun by Juan de Herrera, during the reign of Philip IL, and yet incomplete. Santa Maria la Antigua, t-he most interesting church of the city, a Gothic creation of the eleventh century, enlarged in the fourteenth, contains a retable, which is the mas terpiece of Juan de Juni. The thirteenth-century Church of San Pablo, remodeled by Cardinal Torquemada in the fifteenth century and modern ized by the Duke of Lerma two hundred years later, was often the meeting place of the ancient Cortes. This and the Coleoio de San Creg.orio,
now occupied by municipal offices, are two of the finest, examples of Gothic architecture in the world. The Colegio de Santa Cruz now contains the provincial library and museum, which pre serves some fine paintings. The university (see VALLADOLID, UNIVERSITY OF) has an elaborately sculptured facade. The ancient royal palace now serves the sessions of the provincial audien. cia. The city has manufactures of choeolate, flour, woolen and silk goods, iron and metal ware, gloves, and pottery. The population of Valladolid in 1900 was 70,951. The Roman origin of the city is in dispute. Two important Church councils were held here during the twelfth century. Under Charles V. the popula tion approached 100,000. The permanent re moval of the capital to Madrid, in 1561, was a severe blow to the prosperity of Valladolid. from which it has only recently begun to recover. In 1808 it. took a prominent part in the uprising against the French, and, as a result, suffered severely at the hands of the invaders.