WOOD PULP AND PAPER. The utilization of the forest resources of the country for the manufac ture of paper has developed mainly since 1890. In the $70,530,236 which represented the total cost of products in 1900, wood pulp was the principal item, and the cost of rags, old paper, and manila stock, which 50 years before were the only materials used for paper-making, was only $13,902,092. Spruce constituted 76 per cent. of all wood used in the manufacture of wood pulp, poplar being the only other variety ex tensively used. The wood-pulp industry is gener ally located near the source of supply of wood and where water power is available. New Eng land, New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin represent the bulk of the industry. Water power in 1900 constituted two-thirds of the total power used by mills for grinding the wood and for the beating and washing machines, while merely steam power is used for the paper 'machines. New York leads in the production of newspaper and wrapping paper. Massachusetts is the largest consumer of rags from which are produced writ ing and other fine papers. The Middle West
still consumes large quantities of straw in the manufacture of paper, Indiana being well in the lead. The total value of products for the paper and pulp industry increased from $78,937,184 in 1S90 to $127,326,162 in 1900. In the latter year 49,646 wage-earners were employed in 763 estab lishments.
and the value of products has increased over elevenfold since that time. In 1900 there were 355 glass manufacturing establishments, 52.818 wage-earners being employed. The value of prod ucts was estimated at $56.539,712. Natural gas is the most desirable fuel for use in this industry, and the recent development of the industry lois been mainly in the gas fields. In 1900 Pennsyl vania produced 38.9 per cent. of the total product, Indiana 26.1 per cent., and Ohio 8.1 per cent. An excellent glass sand is found in southern New Jersey, and this is the only important glass manufacturing region on the Atlantic coast.