XXVIII. -ADMINISTRATIONS OF WILLIAM Mc KINLEY (March 4, 1897-September 14, 1901) AND THEODORE ROOSEVELT ( September 14, ('ebiaeet.—S'ecretary of Stole, John Sherman, Ohio, 1897; W. 11. Day, Ohio, 1897; John Hay, Ohio, 1898. Secretary of the Treasury, Lyman J. Gage. Illinois, 1897; Leslie M. Shaw, Iowa, 1901. Secretary of the Nary, John D. Long, Massachusetts, 1897; William Moody, Massa chusetts, 1902. Secretary of Mar, Russell A. Al. ger, :Michigan, 1897; Elilm Root. New York, 1899; W. II. Taft, Ohio, 1904. Secretary of the Interior, Cornelius N. Bliss, New York, 1897; E. A. Hitchcock, Missouri, 1899. Postmaster-Gen eral, James A. Gary, Maryland, 1897; Charles Emory Smith, Pennsylvania, 1898; Henry C. Payne, Wisconsin, 1901. Attorney-General, Joseph McKenna, California, 1897; J. W. Griggs, New Jersey, 1897; Philander C. Knox, Pennsyl vania, 1901. Secretary of Agriculture, James Wilson, Iowa, 1897. Secretary of Labor and Cocci mc-ree, George B. Cortelyou, 1903.
In his inaugural address President McKinley favored the protection of American industries, the restriction of immigration, the promotion of civil-service reform, the establishment of inter national bimetallism, and the appointment of a. commission on currency and finance.
The Administration was concerned chiefly, how ever, with the war against Spain, growing out of the intolerable condition of affairs in Cuba, and with the problems growing out of the war and the acquisition by the United States of the Philippines and Porto Rico. These subjects will be found treated under the titles SPANISH-AMERI CAN WAR; CUBA; PHILIPPINES; and PORTO Rico.
After the abolition of Spanish sovereignty over Cuba, military government under General Brooke was established by the United States. The Cuban Army was disbanded after an appropriation by Congress for the payment of soldiers. When the volunteers were withdrawn and regular troops substituted, order was fairly well maintained. On December 13, 1899, Genera] Brooke was suc ceeded by General Wood. Public schools were established, an insular treasury organized, muni cipal autonomy increased, and other administra tive measures introduced. On November 15,
1900. a convention assembled, and a Constitution, framed on the model of that of the United States, was completed on February 21, 1901. The ques tion of the relation of Cuba to the United States complicated the settlement of the question of the Constitution. The United States proposed: (1) that no foreign Power should be permitted to secure control in the island; (2) that the United States should have a coaling station there; GO that the debt-contracting power of the Cuban Government should be limited: and (4) that, when necessary, the United States should inter fere with an armed force to maintain the Govern ment and Cuban independence. The, proposals met considerable opposition in Cuba, but were finally accepted. On December 31, 1901, a President, Senate, and House were elected, and an executive order from Washington, March 25, 1902, provid ed for the evacuation of Cuba and the transfer ence of the government. to the new authorities on -Slay 20, 1902.
Under the authority of a joint resolution of Congress, Hawaii was annexed to the United States in August, 1898. Five commissioners were appointed to investigate conditions there and recommend legislation. On June 14. 1900, under an act of Congress approved April 30th of that year, the islands were organized into a Territory of the United States. See liAwAii.kx ISLANDS.
Owing to the disturbances in Samoa following the death of Malieton, in 1899, the existing joint protectorate was abandoned, and Tutuila (q.v.) and other minor islands passed under the sove reignty of the United States, which took formal possession April 17, 1900.
On January 24, 1902, Denmark ceded to the United States the Danish West Indies for $5,000, 000. The treaty was, however, finally rejected by the Upper House of the Danish Legislature, notwithstanding the extension of the time of ratification to July 24, 1003.