BAR. A town in the Government of Podolia, Russia, on a tributary of the Bug, 106 miles northeast of Kamenetz-Podolsk (Map: Russia, C 5). It is a town of wooden houses. Brick-mak ing. leather-dressing, and distilling are among its industries, and a trade in grain is carried on. Eleven fairs are held annually. Population, in 1835, 13,434; in '1897, 10.614. The 'Confed eracy of Bar,' under the leadership of Krasinski and Pulaski. was formed here. February 9, 1768, with the object of maintaining the hide pendence of Poland and checking the growth of Russian influence.
BAR. In hydrography, a bank or shoal formed by the deposition of sand and silt from water. Bars frequently occur at the mouth of a river where the water with suspended mud is checked in its motion by the sea, the coarser material thus having a chance to sink to the bottom. The sand along the bank of a river, carried to its mouth by the wind and the water, and the sand that is carried inward from the sea by the tidal waves, also contribute to the formation of bars. When the river cuts its way through the obstructing mass at its mouth a delta may be formed. The decreased velocity
of current in portions of a river channel gives rise to bars, which are subject to removals and rebuilding's, and are capable of causing con tinual of the river channels. The Mis sissippi in America, the lower course of the Rhine in Europe, and the Hoang-ho in China, present excellent examples of this phenomenon. Bars also form along seacoasts that are swept by tidal currents wherever there is sufficient decrease of velocity to allow a deposition of silt. They occur here as harriers, often of con siderable extent, which are separated from the shore by lagoons of salt or brackish water. See HARBOR; DELTA; JETTY; and RIVER.
BAR. In the mechanical arts, any elongated piece of metal, wood, or other substance of a regular section used for mechanical purposes, as the bar of a capstan or press. the bars of a grate, the bars of a fence, gate, doors, or win dows. Metal bars are usually manufactured by rolling or forging. See FORGE, FORGING; and ROLLING MILL.