For a decade after the close of the war the fur trade remained the principal business of the in habitants of the region between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River and the growth in popu lation was slow, the number of white inhabitants as late as 1824 being not more than 0000 or 7000. The authority of the United States was firmly established in 1810. wlieu several detachments of the Regular Army were sent into the Territory. and forts built at Green Bay (Fort Iloward) and at Prairie du Chien. In 1820-21 several bands of Oneida and Brotherton Indians from New' York State were settled in the Territory. In 1S22 the opening of the lead diggings in the southwestern part of the Territory was followed by an influx of immigrants, largely Southerners. many of whom brought their slaves with them. By 1828 the population of the lead region was over 10.000. An uprising of the Winnebago under Red Bird in 1523 was suppressed with little bloodshed, and no further trouble was experienced from the Indians until the outbreak of the Black Hawk War (q.v.) in 1832. After the defeat of Black Hawk a large immigrat hal of agrienitural set tlers from New England :11111 New'Wort: set in and the movement for the erection of Wisconsin as a separate Territory was begin in Wis eonsin had formed a part of the old Northwest Territory from 1787 to 1800, of Indiana Territory from 1800 to 1805. of Michigan Territory from 1805 to 1809, of Illinois Territory from 1809 to 181S, and in the latter year was again placed under the jurisdiction of Michigan Territory, In I 83G, on the admission of Michigan into the Union, then the present States of Iowa and parts of the erected into a Terri t ry Belmont and Burlington were successively Ter ritorial capitals; the Legislature met at ,Madison for the first time in 1838. The next decade was a period of wonderful growth in population. In 1844 at Ripon was founded The Wisconsin Phalanx,' a communistic settlement organized on the Brook Farm plan. This proved one of the most suecessful communities of the sort ever at tempted. At about the same time a Mormon set tlement was planted in Racine and Walsworth counties.
In 1S47, a bill having passed Congress for the admission of Wisconsin as a State, a constitu tional convention was held, but the instrument. draWn up was rejected by popular vote. in the following year a second Constitution was pre pared, submitted, and adopted and Wisconsin was formally admitted to the Union, Slay 29, 1848.
The extensive Lerman and Scandinavian immi gration which began about 1840 increased annual ly for a dozen years after the admission of the State, and at one time, shortly after 1848, when the revolutionary movements of that year in Europe had driven thousand, of cultured Ger mans to this country, the project was formed of concentrating German immigration in Wiscon sin and making it a German State. The early history of the State was marked by scandals in connection with the sale of lands and the granting of railroad charters, hut before the out break of the Civil War a better tone pervaded political life. The anti-slavery sentiment in the State was strong, and at Ripon in 1854 began one of the earliest movements which resulted subse quently in the organization of the Republican Party. In the same year occurred the noteworthy rescue of the fugitive slave Grover, at Milwau kee, which resulted in prolonged litigation, one of the most interesting points of which was the development of a pronounced nullification senti ment among the Republican and Free-Soil ele ments of the population, and which reached its climax when the State Supreme Court de cided that the Fugitive Slave Law was uncon stitutional in the State. Wisconsin's share in the Civil War was noteworthy. The State fur nished a total of 91.319 wren, more than the re quired quota. the ratio being 1 man to every 9 of its inhabitants. In 1871 the northeastern por tion of the State was visited by destructive forest fires, and in 1894 the northwestern part of the State suffered from a similar visitation. In 188G labor riots at Milwaukee necessitated the calling out of the State militia, which came into armed conflict with the mob. The first Repuhli can Governor was elected in 1856, when Coles Bashford was chosen after a hitter contest. Since that time the State has been Republican in every Presidential election except that of 1892. Demo cratic fusion with the Greenback movement in 1874 resulted in the defeat of the Republican can didate for Governor, since which year, with the exception of 1890 and 18,92, when the issue was again complicated by a school law which alienated the support I if the Germans, the State has been regularly Republican.