The oldest work on this philosophy, attributed to Badarayana or to Vyasa (q.v.), called the lirahma-Sfitra, consists of four adhyuyas, or lectures, each subdivided into four padas, or chapters, each pada containing a number of Sutras. The number of the latter is 55S, and that of the adhikaranas, or topics treated in them, 191. The most important commentary on this work is the by Sankara earya ; and this commentary in its turn has been commented on by a great variety of writers. The text of the Sutras and this mentary were edited at Calcutta, ISIS: and the text with this commentary. and a gloss on the latter, by Govindananda, in the Ribliothera In dica, by Vidyaratna (Calcutta, 181;13). The Sutra and commentary were translated into German by Paul Deussen (Leipzig. 1857). Among elemen tary treatises on the Vedanta, the most popular is the Vedfintasfira. by Sadananda, which, with the commentary of Ramakrisbna Tirtha, was edited at Calcutta in 1829. and with this and another commentary by Nrisinhasarnsvati, at Calcutta in 1S-19. it was edited and translated also by Bat
hintyne, A Lecture on the I edinta, Embracing the Text of th-c Vedrtnta S;ira (.111almbad, 1850), who also translated the beginning of the Brah ma-Sutras. The work was edited also by Jacoby (Bombay, 1894). A very useful compen dium of the Adiiikaratyrs, or topics. is the Ay/h by Bharatitirtha, which, with the commentary of Anamlachandra-Veditutavagisa, was edited at Calcutta in 1892, and as an appen dix to the Brahma-Sutras, with extracts from this commentary in the Itibliothrea Indira (Cal cutta, 181l:3). Alore recently Thibaut has pub lished the Sutras with a valuable introduction in the Sacred Books of the East (vols. xxxi v. and xxxviii., Oxford, IS90-99 ) , and the system has s been explained by Deussen in his System des Vedanta (Leipzig, 18S3), the best complete ex position of the system, to which may be added the explanation in Milner, Six Systems of Indian Philosophy (New York, 1899),