By the Polite Navi, on the opposite side of the city. stands the mediaeval Church of San Fenno Maggiore, with a striking facade. The narrow, curving, and extended section of the city on the left bank, with the cemetery on the south, is called Veronetta. The municipal nmsemn and the picture gallery are situated here by the Polite Navi, in the majestic Palazzo Pompei, over looking the river. The edifice was constructed by Sammicheli and now belongs to the city. The paintings are nearly all of the Veronese school. Farther north looms the commanding Castel San Pietro, where a fortress of Theodorie the Great stood. It is now used as barracks. The ancient Church of Santo Stefano. restored by Theodoric, and the San Giorgio in Braida are near.
Verona has a royal seminary, an industrial school, -and a deaf and dumb institution. The Biblioteca Capitolare contains valuable palimp sests, nmomr them the Inqitutes of Gains. The municipal library was established in 1860. The city is provided with numerous hospitals, in cluding a military hospital, an asylum for the aged. and one for paupers and beggars, public dormitories, and three associations for taking care of poor children. There are cotton, paper, and flour mills, an immense nail factory, and piano and organ factories. Silks, soap, sugar, and candles are also manufactured. There are besides the new arsenal and extensive artillery establishments. Verona is important in the traffic with Switzerland, Austria, and Germany. It deals in wines, fruits. rice, and marble. At the head of the municipal govern ment is a syndic. The population in 1001 was 7.1,271.
Verona was conspicuous in its architecture already in mediaeval times, and with the RenaiR satire came Fra Giocondo and its military arehi feet Sammicheli. Verona had an early and dis tinet school of painting. which, like that of Ven ice, excelled in coloring. The great master Paul Veronese came from here. Verona also con
tributed worthily to sculpture.
1Insronv. Verona was anciently a Elnetian town. From the Celts it passed under Roman rule as a colony in B.c. 89, and was wealthy and important. Theodoric the Great made it a royal seat. It fell to the Lombards. whose King, Alboin, met, his death at Verona. Front the rule of the Lombards Verona passed under that of the Frankish King Pepin. it was at the head of the Italian cities that resisted the sway of Frederick Barbarossa. It shared in the terrible struggles lit\\een Curlplt and Ghibelline. It came under the power of the great. Ghibelline Scala or Scaliger family in the middle of the thirteenth century, its rulers being called podestas. This celebrated family made of it a sumptuous and famous city, and their name is inseparably linked with it. Dante found a refuge with ('an Grande della Scala after being driven from Florence. Early in the four teenth century Verona extended its sway and brought Padua and Vicenza under its control, and also Brescia, Parma, and even the dis tant Lucca. The city's ambitions were; ever. checked by the alliance of Milan, Flor ence, and Venice. It became subject to Venice in 1405. It was powerfully fortified by Sammi cheli in 1527. It passed to Austria on the ex tinction of the Venetian Republic in 1797. The Austrians strongly fortified it after 1814, and made it a pivot of their fatuous Quadri lateral. In the winter of IS22 it was the meet ing place of a congress of European monarchs and diplomats which tinder the guidance of Metternich (q.v.) determined upon the interven tion of the Holy Alliance (q.v.) for the sup pression of the Spanish Revolution. Verona became a part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1866. Consult: Da Perini. Sloria tli Verona del 1790 of 182.? (Verona. 1873-85) : Wiel, Tic Story of Verona (London, 1902).