WALNUT (AS. tratahautu, walnut. foreign nut, so called because first brought from Italy and FranCe, from irralb. OHG. walk foreign; connected with Celtic a tribe in Gaul + bustle, feel. hoot, nn.".% (hers ORR, nut: connected with 01r. en ii, Welsh en. ton, Bret. knollt. nut), Juglans. A genus of beautiful trees of the natural order .luglandace:e. The species. of which about 1:9 are known, are uu('tl• North American and Asiatic. All but one or two species are trees with alternate pinnated leaves, montreions flowers. and a drupe with a deciduous fleshy husk and a deeply wrinkled two-valve shell, within which is the curiously lobed and wrinkled seed. The species of hickory (q.v.) were formerly included in this genus,. The common walnut. Persian or English walnut (•Inqlnns regia), is a native of Persia and the Himalayas, but has long been cultivated. The (late of its introduction is unknown. hut it was certainly cultivated by the Romans in the reign of Tiberius. It is a lofty tree of 60 to 90 feet. with large spreading branches. The leaves have a balsamic odor when bruised. The tree yields a sugary sap and is sometimes tapped like the sugar maple. Pickles and ketchup are made of the unripe fruit. The ripe fruit is one of the best of nuts (q.v.) and an important artiele of export from Southern Europe and California, where the trees are extensively cultivated. The nearly mature nuts are much used in France with vinegar, salt, pepper, and shallots. Walnuts yield by expression a bland, fixed oil, which, un der the names of walnut oil and nut oil, is used by painters and in the countries in which it is produced as an article of food. The cake lett
after the expression of the oil is sometimes used as human food, and for teeding cattle and poultry. The timber of the walnut is valuable, and is much used for cabinets, gun stocks, etc. It is light, although hard and fine-grained. The wood of young trees is white and little esteemed; that of old trees is brown, veined and shaded with darker brown and black. The wood of the roots is beautifully veined. Both the root and the husks of the walnut yield a dye, which is used for staining light-colored woods brown. The walnut when meant to become a timber tree is best sown where it is to remain, as the roots are much injured by transplanting. The best kinds of for fruit are generally grafted. The black walnut (Juglans nigra), a very similar tree, found in most of the 'United States, except the most northern, is one of the finest and largest and most beautiful trees in American forests, attaining heights of 150 feet and diameters of 0 or 7 feet. The fruit. which has a thick woody shell, is inferior to that of the common walnut. Juglans Oalifornic«. a Western species. greatly resembles the Eastern black walnut. and in California is much used as a stock on which Juglans 7-egia is grafted. Ju glans ru pest ris is a small tree or shrub from Colorado to Atexicn. uglans Steboldiana and nglons gvcnnddn rirft : •e tile most important East Asiatic species. Juglans einerea, the but ternut (9.v.), is a (lose relative.