For books printed in England there is the English Catalogue, published in London since 1786; since' 1837 an annual catalogue has been issued. The Reference Catalogue of current Lit erature (well indexed) is published every four years. For the earlier period of British publi cations, Watt's Bibliotheca B•itanniea (4 vols., 1824) and Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature (new ed. 11 vols., 1857-64) are the chief authorities. For the prices of books sold at auction in England Book Prices Current, published annually since 1886, may be consulted.
The principal trade catalogue of France is that of Lorenz, entitled Catalogue general de la librai rie fruneaise (13 vols.. Paris, 1867-96). It cov ers a period from 1840 to 1890. Since 1S93 a catalogue annuel has been published, edited by D. Jordell. The earlier literature of France is best traced in Brunet's Manuel and Qui.rard's La France litteraire (12 vols., 1827-64) and its sup plements (6 vols., 1840-57).
There are two very extended series of Ger man trade bibliographies, that of Heinsius, All genz•ines Biicher-Lcxicon (Leipzig, 181`_'-94) , cov ering the period 1770-1892 in 19 volumes, while that of Kayser, Vollstandiges Biirlicr-Lcrikon I Leipzig. 1834-1900), covers the period 1750 1898, in 32 volumes. For many years Hinrichs has published at Leipzig catalogues covering five year and half-year periods.
The best means of tracing Italian publica tions is in the I'ataIogo collet/it.° della libreria italiana ( 4 vols, Milan. 1878-91) and in the Bo/Plano deity pubblicazioni it cilia cue, published by the National Central Library of Florence sines 1888.
To look up Spanish publications one needs 11 ida lgo's Diecionario general de Gibliograjiq es pa nota (7 vols., :Madrid• 186•-81) and the monthly Bo/ctin de la libreria • whieli ica. bet• published since 1873. The authority for Porta books is Silva's Diecionario Gibl7oqratico p6rIugurz (16 vols., Lisbon, 1858-93) ; this also covers Brazilian works.
Among numerous works published in Belgium, mention need only be made of the Bibliographic nutionale (4 vols., Brussels, 1S86-98). In Hol land the name of Brinkman stands for the series of catalogues which he has published at Amster dam. including Nuamlijst can backer? sedert 1790
vet 18'19 (Amsterdam, 1835-58) and Catalogue can bocken 1F.50-91 (Amsterdam, 1883-93).
For the literature of Denmark the chief au thorities are Bruun's Bibliotheca Danica, 118,? tin 1830 (3 vols., Copenhagen, 1872-96) and the series Dansk Bogfortcgnclse, 1841-91 (4 vols., Copenhagen, 1861-94). In Sweden the series of Broberg's Srcnsk Bok-Katalog and its supple ments have been published since 1878.
In addition to these national bibliographies, there is scarcely a science which does not pos sess a bibliography of its own. Reference may be made here to sonic of the more important ones, principally published in Germany. For astronomy, Houzeau and Lancaster. Bibliogra phic de l'a4•onornie (Brussels, 1882-87) ; for botany, Pritzel, Thesaurus Literature' Botaniew (Leipzig. 187•) ; for archeology, Iliffiner, Bib liographic der klassischen Altcrt umsirisscnschaft (Berlin, 18891: for Greek and Roman literature. Preuss, Bibliotheca Se•iptoruca Classicorum (Leipzig. 1880-82); for American history, Lar ned, The Literature of American History (Bos ton. 19(12) : for French history, Monod. Biblio graphic de l'histoi•e de France (Paris. 1SSS) ; for t-terman history, Dahlinann-Waitz, Quellen kande der dentsehen Geschiehte (Gottingen, 1891) ; for jurisprudence, Sliihlbrecht, Uebersteli der gesamten staats- und rechtscrisseasehaftliehen Litterutur (Berlin, 1869) ; for medicine, Pauly, Bibliographic des sciences medieules (Paris, 1874) ; for mathematics. Rogg, Bibliotheca .1Iathematica (Tubingen, 1830, continued by Sohneke, Leipzig, 1854) ; for music, Hofmeis te•, Handbuch der musikalischen Litte•atur (Leipzig, 1844-93) ; for theology, Danz, Uni versal-Mit-ter-bitch der theologischen, kirehen and religionsgeschichtliehen Litteratur (Leipzig, 1843), and Hurter, Noncticiator Literariu,s1 lier•entioris Theologise Catholiece (Innsbruck, 1871 86).
Numerous bibliographies of anonymous and pseudonymous works have appeared, from Geis ler (1671) and Placeius (1674) down to the present day. (See ANONYMOUS.) Poole's Index to Periodical Literature covers. for the Nine teenth Century, a vast number of articles which have never appeared in book-fo•m.