Among the best general dictionaries are the Biographic unircrselle, ancienne et moth-rm., new ed.. 45 vols. (Paris, 1843-65) ; and the Nouvelle biographic generale, vols. (Paris, 1852-77). The best work of the kind published in the 'United States is Lippin•ott's Pronouncing Bio graphical by Dr. Joseph Thomas. INIOSt nations have biographical dictionaries Con fined to their own celebrities. For Germany, there is the .1 Ilgemeinc deutsehe lliographie, Ba varian Academy 4 if S•i•nces (Leipzig. 1875 : for Anstria. the BiographiReheR Lexikon dcs Faiscrlhums Ocsterrcich, ed. by Wm-zit:tell (Vienna, 1S:311-891; for Holland, the Biog•aph isch 1Conrill dr)• Ned( rhtnilen. ed. van der Aa (Haarlem, 1852-7g): for Belgium. the Bio graphic nationale etc ItrIgique (Brussels, 181;1; 951: for Sweden, Biographical Handbook, ed. llofberg (c4toekholin, Ig7u1; for Bu,sia and Spain. there are also good biographical diction aries. England has the magnificent Bietionnry of Yational Itioaraph», 03 ed. Stephen (London, 1885-1900). to which were added three supplementary V40111114'; in 1901: and the ITnit ed Stales, Appleton's Oyelolarilia of Uncrican Bioaraphy„ ft vols. (New Vork, I857.89). a sev
enth volume aimearing in 1900 as a supplement, and Lamb's Bioaraphiral ftirfiorrnrll of the 1•d Stales. For eontemporary biography. we have Vaperean's Diet ion)) a irr rcrscl Jr p rim Men and It'n me» of the Time. Who's Who ll'ho in .1 me rie“ Whioa20). annually. They contain only the names of persons still living.
Belonging to this department of literature is the autobiography, i,c. the life of a person written by himself. We may cite, for their charm, the .1 utobiography of the first Lord Herbert of Cherlmry; Benvenuto Cellini's put mcdcsimo set it In ; CgsfeSSiOns; Goethe's Diehl nag and Wahrhcit; Gibbon's Me moirs; Franklin's Autobiography; Scott's Jour nal; Newmans Apologia; and Buskin's Prw lcrita. This form of biography often runs into fiction, as in Borrow's Larettgro. The int•rest ing development of biography, of which are here presented, has never been adequately treated. See Excvo..0P.Ept.t.