BOECRH, hick, (1785-1S67). A Ger man classical scholar. Ile was born in Nails rube, November 24, 1785, and was enrolled as student in the University of Halle in l803, where the lectures of F. A. Wolf (q.v.) induced him to devote himself exclusively to philology. la 1807 he became professor at Heidelberg. and in 1811 was called to the newly established Univer sity of Berlin, which owed mud] of its early fame to him, in company with Hegel and Sehlei•r macher. Doeckh lectured in Berlin with great success for over fifty years to a total of many thousand students. The range of his studies was very wide. and lie was the first to develop phi lology on a philosophic basis. He conceived of that science as an organically constructed whole, which aims at nothing short of a complete intel lectual reproduction of antiquity. His lectures therefore included both formal and historical grammar, exegesis, arclueology, history of ancient literature. philosophy, polities, religion, and so ciety. Boeckh's concept of philology excited much opposition at first, hut gradually won ad herents. and unquestionably gave a great stiniu lus to classical scholarship; at the present time, after many of the subjects which Boeekh re garded as subdivisions of philology have been exalted to the position of independent sciences, there are significant signs of a return to his gen eral view of the unity of philology. Hit: earliest publication, dedicated to Wolf, was Comnientatio iu Platonis qui rulgo 1806) : in his G••or Trage•dia• Prineipuni .rEschyli, Rophoelis, Euripidis, Ea Qu• Sup( rsunt Genuine Ni,tt, etc., published in 1SOS, he dis cussed the possible revisions due to repeated pro ductions and .the interpolations of actors in the extant tragedies. He also produced some mono graphs on Plato while professor at Heidelberg.
His great works are the following: An edi tion of Pindar in 4 vols. (1811-22), the comple tion of which he intrusted to his friend (i. L.
Dissen (q.v.). professor in D3ttingen. This marked an epoch in Pindaric studies by its criti cism of the text and scholia, and especially by Boeekli's investigations on the metre. The intro ductory essay on the criticism of Pindar is still of great value. His work Die Steatsbausbaltung der Atbenrr (2 vols., 1817; 3d ed., edited by Frankel, 188(1) applied the methods of his mas ter. \Volt, and of his older contemporary, Nie buhr, to questions of the commercial and State eel womy of the Athenians in a masterly manner; by it Boeekh established the science of public antiquities. in which he was followed by K. F. Hermann, G. F. Schoemaim, and Al. H. E. .1\ Icier (q.v.) ; and the work remains a permanent MOOR meat of thorough research, analysis, and vast learning. In his investigations Boeekh had been led to a careful study of Attie inscriptions. Ile in)• planned a collection of (Ireek inscriptions, the cost of which was undertaken by t he Berl in Academy. With 1ioVdkh Wert- a sso cia tell Ph. Buttmann, Sehleiermaeher. 1111/11:11111P1 Bekker (q.v.1. and later many others: the result of their work wag the UorpUR hisori pi 100 um ttri• (•ilt)) (4 vols.. I525-02). Among his other im portant works are Pilibdans' des rythaqorcr rs 1,41 re. (1419) ; 11 rt roloyischr ('nter.surlttutgen iibrr Grtrirlar, fisse Mess( l Inns iiFar das Scrtr(sr): tics alI isrlica P.:Mutes (18.10) Sophokles Antigone (211 ed., 18S11: EneuldopUdie mut _if hodolo9b• der philologisehen Wi.ssensehafttn, never pub lished by himself, but edited from his lectures on the subject by Bratus•he•k (1877; 2d ed., Kluss mann, 1886). This is still the most important work in its field. Ilis Opusciau fill 7 vols., (1858-74). He died in Berlin, August 3. 1867.